Hypolagus

Hypolagus Temporal range: Early Miocene to Middle Pleistocene
Hypolagus peregrinus skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Lagomorpha
Family:	Leporidae
Genus:	†Hypolagus Dice, 1917
Type species
†Hypolagus vetus Kellogg, 1910
Species
See text

Hypolagus is an extinct genus of lagomorph, first recorded in the Hemingfordian (early to middle Miocene) of North America. It entered Asia during the early Turolian and spread to Europe not much later, where it survived until the Middle Pleistocene. Though unknown in the Iberian Peninsula, fossils of this genus have been found in the Balearic Islands, suggesting an eastern migration during the dry period in the Mediterranean region known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis.[1]

Hypolagus generally shows features intermediate between rabbits and hares. Hypolagus balearicus was the smallest species at 1.3–2.7 kg (2.9–6.0 lb) and showed several peculiar features, such as short elbow-to-humerus ratio and robustness of the ulna.[1]

Species

Many species of Hypolagus have been described, including 12 from North America.[2] Some of these species may be synonymous with others.[3]

Restoration of Hypolagus (lower middle left) and other animals of the Haystack Assemblage

North American species

• Hypolagus arizonensis
• Hypolagus edensis - Late Pliocene
• Hypolagus fontinalis
• Hypolagus furlongi - Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene
• Hypolagus gidleyi - Late Pliocene
• Hypolagus oregonensis
• Hypolagus parviplicatus
• Hypolagus regalis - Late Pliocene
• Hypolagus ringoldensis - Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene, Ringold Formation, Washington[4]
• Hypolagus tedfordi- Late Pliocene
• Hypolagus vetus - Late Miocene[5]
• Hypolagus voorhiesi - Late Pliocene

Eurasian species

• Hypolagus balearicus - Early Pliocene, Mallorca and possibly Ibiza
• Hypolagus brachygnathus - Late Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene, Europe
• Hypolagus gromovi - Late Turolian to Early Ruscinian, Caucasus region
• Hypolagus mazegouensis - Late Pliocene, China[6]
• Hypolagus multiplicatus - Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Baikal region
• Hypolagus peregrinus - Early Pleistocene, Sicily
• Hypolagus petenyii (= H. beremendensis) - Early Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Europe[7]
• Hypolagus schreuderae - Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, China
• Hypolagus transbaicalicus - Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Baikal region

References

1. Quintana et al. (2010) "Presence of Hypolagus Dice, 1917 (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) in the Neogene of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean): Description of Hypolagus balearicus nov. sp.". Geobios 43, 555-567
2. "Hypolagus". Biolib.
3. Schultz, Gerald E. (2016). THE RED CORRAL (PROCTOR RANCH) LOCAL FAUNA (PLIOCENE, BLANCAN) OF OLDHAM COUNTY, TEXAS: Bulletin 73 Front Cover GERALD E. SCHULTZTHE RED CORRAL (PROCTOR RANCH) LOCAL FAUNA (PLIOCENE, BLANCAN) OF OLDHAM COUNTY, TEXAS: Bulletin 73. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science.
4. Smith, Gerald R.; Morgan, Neil; Gustafson, Eric Paul (2000). "Fishes of the Mio-Pliocene Ringold formation, Washington : Pliocene capture of the Snake River by the Columbia River" (PDF). Museum of Paleontology, the University of Michigan. 32 – via Deep Blue.
5. William W. Korth;Donald D. De Blieux. (2010). "Rodents and Lagomorphs (Mammalia) from the Hemphillian (Late Miocene) of Utah". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (1): 226–235.
6. Wen-Yu Wu; Lawrence J. Flynn (2017). "The Lagomorphs (Ochotonidae, Leporidae) of Yushe Basin". In Lawrence J. Flynn; Wen-Yu Wu (eds.). Late Cenozoic Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province, China: Geology and Fossil Mammals. Volume II: Small Mammal Fossils of Yushe Basin. Springer. pp. 31–57. doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1050-1_4. ISBN 978-94-024-1049-5.
7. Čermák S. (2009). The Plio-Pleistocene record of Hypolagus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae) from the Czech and Slovak Republics with comments on systematics and classification of the genus. Bulletin of Geosciences, 84 (3): 497-524.