Hyperodapedontinae

Hyperodapedontinae Temporal range: Carnian - Early Norian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (Possible Middle Triassic origin)
Life restoration of Hyperodapedon sanjuanensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauromorpha
Order:	†Rhynchosauria
Family:	†Rhynchosauridae
Subfamily:	†Hyperodapedontinae Chatterjee, 1969
Subgroups
†Beesiiwo[1] †Hyperodapedon †Isalorhynchus †Macrocephalosaurus †Oryctorhynchus †Supradapedon †Teyumbaita

Hyperodapedontinae is a subfamily of rhynchosaurs within the family Rhynchosauridae. Fossils have been found in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, Madagascar, Scotland, Tanzania, the United States, and Zimbabwe.[2][3]

Phylogeny

Hyperodapedontinae was erected by Sankar Chatterjee in 1969 as a coordinate name of the family Hyperodapedontidae Lydekker, 1985. Chatterjee (1969) originally named Hyperodapedontinae to include all Late Triassic rhynchosaurs known at that time, H. gordoni, H. huxleyi and "Scaphonyx" fischeri, and proposed a morphological diagnosis for the clade.[4][5] Scaphonyx includes two additional species, S. africanus and S. australis, all of which are currently believed to be dubious. As noted by Langer et al. (2000), using Chatterjee' morphological definition would exclude Teyumbaita and H. huenei from the clade, and thus it would be nested within Hyperodapedon. To preserve the name, with its original stratigraphical meaning, Langer et al. (2000) redefined Hyperodapedontinae as a stem-based taxon that includes "all rhynchosaurs closer to Hyperodapedon than to "Rhynchosaurus" spenceri (now Fodonyx)".[5][6]

The cladogram below follows Mukherjee & Ray (2014):[7]

Hyperodapedontinae	Isalorhynchus genovefae Teyumbaita sulcognathus Hyperodapedon H. huenei H. mariensis (now Macrocephalosaurus mariensis) H. sanjuanensis H. sp. from Wolfville (now Oryctorhynchus bairdi) H. sp. from India H. huxleyi H. gordoni H. sp. from Wyoming (now Beesiiwo cooowuse) H. sp. from Zimbabwe H. tikiensis Supradapedon stockleyi

   Valid species that were first assigned to Scaphonyx.

The following cladogram is based on the phylogenetic analysis by Fitch et al. (2023):[1]

	Isalorhynchus genovefae Hyperodapedontinae Beesiiwo cooowuse Oryctorhynchus bairdi Hyperodapedon gordoni "Zimbabwe Form" Paradapedon huxleyi "Scaphonyx" sanjuanensis Macrocephalosaurus mariensis "Hyperodapedon" tikiensis Supradapedon stockleyi "Hyperodapedon" huenei Teyumbaita sulcognathus

References

1. Fitch, A. J.; Haas, M.; C’Hair, W.; Ridgley, E.; Ridgley, B.; Oldman, D.; Reynolds, C.; Lovelace, D. M. (2023). "A New Rhynchosaur Taxon from the Popo Agie Formation, WY: Implications for a Northern Pangean Early-Late Triassic (Carnian) Fauna". Diversity. 15 (4): 544. doi:10.3390/d15040544. hdl:10919/114487.
2. Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro (2008). Inter-relações filogenéticas dos rincossauros (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) (Unpublished Thesis). Biology Department, Universidade de Saõ Paulo, Ribeiraõ Preto. 203 pp.
3. David W. E. Hone; Michael J. Benton (2008). "A new genus of Rhynchosaur from the Middle Triassic of South-West England". Palaeontology. 51 (1): 95–115. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51...95H. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00739.x.
4. Chatterjee, Sankar (1969). "Rhynchosaurs in time and Space". Proceedings of the Geological Society of London. 1658: 203–208.
5. Max C. Langer; Cesar L. Schultz (2000). "A new species of the Late Triassic rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon from the Santa Maria Formation of south Brazil". Palaeontology. 43 (6): 633–652. Bibcode:2000Palgy..43..633L. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00143. S2CID 83566087.
6. Max C. Langer; Felipe C. Montefeltro; David E. Hone; Robin Whatley; Cesar L. Schultz (2010). "On Fodonyx spenceri and a new rhynchosaur from the Middle Triassic of Devon". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1884–1888. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30.1884L. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.521901. S2CID 53405231.
7. Mukherjee, Debarati; Ray, Sanghamitra; Benson, Roger (2014). "A new Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for rhynchosaur phylogeny". Palaeontology. 57 (6): 1241–1276. Bibcode:2014Palgy..57.1241M. doi:10.1111/pala.12113.