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Hoplolaimus
Hoplolaimus is a genus of nematodes known commonly as lance nematodes.[1] They are parasites of plants, and three species are pests of agricultural crops.[2] These nematodes are usually about 1 to 1.5 millimeters long;[1] some reach 2 millimeters.[2] They have large stylets with knobs shaped like anchors or tulips. The male has winglike folds around its tail, and the female has a short, rounded tail.[1] Some species are amphimictic, with male and female individuals that reproduce sexually, while others are parthenogenetic, with females producing offspring without fertilization.[2] The genus includes ectoparasites, endoparasites, and semi-endoparasites.[2] They feed on plant roots, some feeding externally, some burying only their heads in the roots, and some entering the roots to feed.[1] Damage can be manifested in the sloughing of the root cortices.[1] The main agricultural pest species are H. columbus, H. galeatus, and H. magnistylus.[2] H. columbus infects such crops as cotton, soybean, and corn. H. galeatus can be found in many crops, as well as many species of pine trees and grasses.[3] There are 29 described species in genus Hoplolaimus.[2] Species include:[4]
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