Gymnogeophagus

Gymnogeophagus Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Gymnogeophagus balzanii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cichliformes
Family:	Cichlidae
Subfamily:	Cichlinae
Tribe:	Geophagini
Subtribe:	Geophagina
Genus:	Gymnogeophagus A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918
Type species
Gymnogeophagus cyanopterus A. Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
Geographic range of genus Gymnogeophagus

Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid fishes from South America, where they are known from various river basins (notably Rio de la Plata and Lagoa dos Patos–Mirim) in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.[1] They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters.

Species

There are currently 20 recognized extant species in this genus:[1]

• Gymnogeophagus australis (C. H. Eigenmann, 1907) (Uruguayan eartheater)
• Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia, 1891) (Argentine eartheater)
• Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck, 2006
• Gymnogeophagus che Casciotta, S. E. Gómez & Toresanni, 2000
• Gymnogeophagus constellatus L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[2]
• Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Smooth-cheek eartheater)
• Gymnogeophagus jaryi Alonso et al., 2019[3]
• Gymnogeophagus labiatus (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Earth eater)
• Gymnogeophagus lacustris R. E. dos Reis & L. R. Malabarba, 1988
• Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[2]
• Gymnogeophagus mekinos L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[2]
• Gymnogeophagus meridionalis R. E. dos Reis & L. R. Malabarba, 1988
• Gymnogeophagus missioneiro L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[2]
• Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion Turcati, Serra-Alanis & Malabarba, 2018
• Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus L. R. Malabarba, M. C. Malabarba & R. E. dos Reis, 2015[2]
• Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (R. F. Hensel, 1870) (Stripe-fin eartheater)
• Gymnogeophagus setequedas R. E. dos Reis, L. R. Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992
• Gymnogeophagus taroba Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek & Říčan, 2017
• Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura Loureiro, Zarucki, L. R. Malabarba & González-Bergonzoni, 2016[4]
• Gymnogeophagus tiraparae González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009[5]

An extinct species Gymnogeophagus eocenicus lived during the Early Eocene of Argentina, around 48.6 million years ago, representing one of the oldest known cichlids.[6]

References

1. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Gymnogeophagus". FishBase. December 2024 version.
2. Malabarba, L.R.; Malabarba, M.C.; Reis, R.E. (2015). "Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (4): 637–662. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140188.
3. Alonso, F.; G.E. Terán; G. Aguilera; O. Říčan; J. Casciotta; W.S. Serra; A. Almirón; M.F. Benítez; I. García; J.M. Mirande (2019). "Description of A New Species of the Neotropical Cichlid Genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the Middle Paraná Basin, Misiones, Argentina". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0210166. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1410166A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210166. hdl:11336/97439. PMID 30759109.
4. Loureiro, M.; Zarucki, M.; Malabarba, L.R.; González-Bergonzoni, I. (2016). "A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 14 (1): e150082. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20150082. hdl:20.500.12008/26256.
5. González-Bergonzoni, I.; Loureiro, M.; Oviedo, S. (2009). "A new species of Gymnogeophagus from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins, Uruguay (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 7 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252009000100003. S2CID 84108097.
6. Malabarba, Maria C.; Malabarba, Luiz R.; López-Fernández, Hernán (2014). "On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 49–58. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34...49M. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.830021.