Greywacke zone

Geology of the Alps
The Alps
Tectonic subdivision
Helvetic Zone Penninic nappes Austroalpine nappes Southern Alps
Formation and rocks
Bündner schist flysch molasse
Geological structures
Aarmassif Dent Blanche klippe Engadine Line Engadine window Flysch zone Giudicárie line Greywacke zone Hohe Tauern window Molasse basin Penninic thrustfront Periadriatic Seam Ivrea zone Lepontin dome Rechnitz window Rhône-Simplon line Sesia unit
Paleogeographic terminology
Valais Ocean Briançonnais zone Piemont-Liguria Ocean Apulian or Adriatic plate Alps portal Geology portal
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The greywacke zone is a band of Paleozoic metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that forms an east-west band through the Austrian Alps.^[1]

The greywacke zone crops out between the Mesozoic rocks of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Austroalpine and Penninic basement rocks of the Central Eastern Alps. Stratigraphically, the greywacke zone can be up to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) thick. The zone is part of the Austroalpine nappes.

Mesozoic limestones crop out north of the greywacke zone, forming the Northern Calcareous Alps. South of the zone, basement rocks of the Austroalpine and Penninic nappes form the Central Eastern Alps.

Composition

The lithologies of the greywacke zone are:

Paleozoic turbidites (among them greywackes) and limestones of Ordovician to Devonian age; and
felsic and mafic volcanic rocks of Ordovician age.

Formation

The rocks were formed at a passive margin of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, when the Austroalpine terrain was part of the micro-continent Avalonia. Together with the other Austroalpine units, they were thrust over the Eurasian Plate during the Alpine orogeny.

References

^ Embleton-Hamann, C. (2022). Landscapes and Landforms of Austria. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Springer International Publishing. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-3-030-92815-5. Retrieved January 10, 2024.