Grevillea brachystylis

Short-styled grevillea
Grevillea brachystylis in Kings Park, W.A.
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Proteales
Family:	Proteaceae
Genus:	Grevillea
Species:	G. brachystylis
Binomial name
Grevillea brachystylis Meisn.[2]

Subspecies australis in Kings Park

Grevillea brachystylis , also known as short-styled grevillea,[3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, spreading to erect shrub with linear to narrow egg-shaped leaves with the narrow end towards the base, and wheel-like clusters of hairy red flowers.

Description

Grevillea brachystylis is a low, spreading to erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1 metre (1.0 to 3.3 ft). The leaves are linear to narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 10 to 140 millimetres (0.4 to 5.5 in) long and 2 to 10 millimetres (0.08 to 0.39 in) wide with the edges turned down or rolled under. The flowers are arranged in wheel-like clusters on a rachis 2–7 mm (0.079–0.276 in) long, and are red and hairy. The pistil is 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and hairy. Flowering occurs from June to November and the fruit is a woolly-hairy, narrow oval follicle 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in) long.[3][4]

Taxonomy

Grevillea brachystylis was first formally described in 1845 by Carl Meissner in Johann Georg Christian Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected in December 1839 by Ludwig Preiss near Busselton, Western Australia.[5][6] The specific epithet (brachystylis) means "short style".[7]

In 1990, Gregory John Keighery described two subspecies in the journal Nuytsia, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

• Grevillea brachystylis subsp. australis Keighery[8] has branches up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long and a purple pollen presenter;[9][10][11]
• Grevillea brachystylis Meisn. subsp. brachystylis[12] has branches 40–70 cm (16–28 in) long and a red or pale purple pollen presenter.[9][13][14]

In 2009, Keighery described a third subspecies in The Western Australian Naturalist, and the name is also accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

• Grevillea brachystylis subsp. grandis Keighery[15] has longer, wider leaves and a longer pedicel than the autonym.[16][17]

Distribution and habitat

Short-styled grevillea grows in swampy places and on stream banks in the Busselton and Scott River areas in the far south-west of Western Australia.[3][4] Subspecies australis grows in heath and is restricted to the Scott River area,[10][11] subsp. brachystylis grows in heath or woodland east of Busselton on the coastal plain[13][14] and subsp. grandis grows in woodland on the Whicher Range.[16][17]

Conservation status

This species has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is due to its severely fragmented range, limited estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) and the continuing decline of both quality of habitat and number of mature individuals due to the clearance of roadside verges and the invasion of weeds where subpopulations occur. It is not known if G. brachystylis is susceptible to the plant pathogen Phytophtora which causes dieback disease.[1]

Subspecies brachystylis is listed as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions,[14] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat, and subspecies australis and grandis are listed as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)".[11][17][18]

Subspecies grandis is also listed as "critically endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and a National Recovery Plan has been prepared. The main threats to the species include road maintenance, weed invasion and inappropriate fire regimes.[19][20]

References

1. Monks, L.; Keighery, G. (2020). "Grevillea brachystylis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T112647558A113307731. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T112647558A113307731.en. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
2. "Grevillea brachystylis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
3. "Grevillea brachystylis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
4. "Grevillea brachystylis". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
5. "Grevillea brachystylis". APNI. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
6. Meissner, Carl; Lehmann, Johann G.C. (1845). Plantae Preissianae. Vol. 1. Hamburg. pp. 538–539. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
7. Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 149. ISBN 9780958034180.
8. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. australis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
9. Keighery, Gregory J. (1990). "Taxonomy of the Grevillea brachystylis species complex (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 7 (2): 126–128. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
10. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. australis". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
11. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. australis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
12. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. brachystylis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
13. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. brachystylis". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
14. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. brachystylis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
15. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. grandis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
16. Keighery, Gregory J. (2009). "A new subspecies of Grevillea brachystylis (Proteaceae) from the Whicher Range". The Western Australian Naturalist. 27 (1): 11–17. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
17. "Grevillea brachystylis subsp. grandis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
18. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
19. "Approved Conservation Advice for Grevillea brachystylis subsp. Busselton (G.J.Keighery s.n. 28/8/1985) (Large-flowered Short-styled Grevillea)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
20. Casson, Nick. "Large-flowered, short-styled Grevillea (Grevillea brachystylis subsp. grandis) Mational Recovery Plan" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Environment and Conservation. Retrieved 23 January 2022.