Greater hog badger

Greater hog badger
Greater hog badger in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Genus: Arctonyx
Species:
A. collaris
Binomial name
Arctonyx collaris
Cuvier, 1825

The greater hog badger (Arctonyx collaris) is a very large terrestrial mustelid native to Southeast Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because the global population is thought to be declining due to high levels of poaching.[1]

Taxonomy

It was formerly thought to be the only species in the genus Arctonyx, displaying heavy variation throughout its wide range, leading it to be classified as having many subspecies. However, a 2008 study found that Arctonyx should be split into three species.[2] The following subspecies were formerly recognized, but are now thought to be conspecific with little distinction between one another:[3][4]

  • Greater hog badger A. c. collaris (Cuvier, 1825) – lives in the Eastern Himalayas;[5]
  • Indochinese hog badger A. c. dictator (Thomas, 1910) – lives in southern Thailand and Indochina;[5]
  • Burmese hog badger A. c. consul (Pocock, 1940) – occurs from Assam to Myanmar.[5]

Description

The greater hog badger has medium-length brown hair, a stocky body, white throat, two black stripes on an elongated white snout, with a pink, pig-like nose. The snout-to-rump length is 65–104 cm (26–41 in), the tail measures 19–29 cm (7.5–11.4 in) and the body weight is 7–14 kg (15–31 lb).[6][2]

With weights regularly reported between 8.4 to 12 kg (19 to 26 lb), it is one of the world's largest terrestrial extant mustelids (by average body mass). It is perhaps only second or third to the wolverine, rivaling the European badger; However, hog badgers are not known to rival the weights of the European badger during autumn hyperphagia.[7][8]

A hog badger's appearance generally resembles the European badger, but having a pronounced pig-like snout, and with larger claws on the front feet. Its tail has long white hairs, and its front feet have white claws.

Distribution and habitat

The greater hog badger is considered fairly common in Thailand and most of mainland Southeast Asia, living in tropical evergreen forests and grasslands. They are also to be found in the Terai of the Indian Subcontinent; from the Yamuna River east, through the states of Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and West Bengal. The range also encompasses areas of lower Himalayan foothills in parts of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, in addition to the Brahmaputra River basin.[1] Its distribution in Myanmar is considered patchy.[9]

Behaviour and ecology

The hog badger is active by day and not very wary of humans.[10] Analysis of numerous camera trap pictures from Myanmar show no peak activity at either day or night.[11]

The hog badger is omnivorous; its diet consists of fruits, roots and small animals.[citation needed] A study conducted in Laos found that the native clouded leopards eat a large proportion of greater hog badgers, accounting for 28% of their diet.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Long, B.; Helgen, K.; Rahman, H.; Choudhury, A. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Arctonyx collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70205537A45209459. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70205537A45209459.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Helgen, K.M.; Lim, Norman T.-L.; Helgen, L.E. (2008). "The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 154 (2): 353–385. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00416.x. PMC 7107037. PMID 32287392.
  3. ^ Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ "Arctonyx collaris F. Cuvier, 1825". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  5. ^ a b c Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pages 274–275.
  6. ^ Boitani, L. (1984). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Touchstone. ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1
  7. ^ Zhang, L., Zhou, Y. B., Newman, C., Kaneko, Y., Macdonald, D. W., Jiang, P. P. & Ding, P. (2009). Niche overlap and sett-site resource partitioning for two sympatric species of badger. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 21(2), 89-100.
  8. ^ Parker, C. (1979). Birth, care and development of Chinese hog badgers. International Zoo Yearbook, 19(1), 182-185.
  9. ^ Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam, A. J., Kyaw Thinn Latt and Duckworth, J. W. (2008). Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservation 38: 2–28.
  10. ^ Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. and Khounbline, K. (1999). Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report Archived 2013-05-14 at the Wayback Machine. IUCN, Vientiane, Laos.
  11. ^ Than Zaw, Saw Htun, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Myint Maung, Lynam, A. J., Kyaw Thinn Latt and Duckworth, J. W. (2008). Status and distribution of small carnivores in Myanmar Archived 2015-04-28 at the Wayback Machine. Small Carnivore Conservation 38: 2–28.
  12. ^ Kamler, Jan (2022). "Diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in Laos". Ecology and Evolution. 12 (7). Wiley: e9067. doi:10.1002/ece3.9067. PMC 9257375. PMID 35813929. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
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