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Grain Belt Brewery
The Grain Belt Brewery, also known as the Minneapolis Brewing Company, is a former brewery building in Northeast, Minneapolis, located north of Broadway Street Northeast on the east bank of the Mississippi River. Originally the headquarters of the eponymous Minneapolis Brewing Company, the building ceased operating as a brewery in 1975. The building sat empty in disrepair for many years. After many redevelopment proposals fell through, the property was purchased by Ryan Companies in 2001, was remodeled into offices, and reopened in 2002. It is considered to be one of the city's "most striking industrial buildings from the turn of the century."[1] HistoryBreweryGerman immigrant John Orth built a brewery on the current site of Marshall St. and 13th Ave. NE in 1850.[1] Due to the 1862 federal brewing tax, the John Orth Brewing Company and three others—Heinreich Brewing Association, F. D. Noerenberg Brewing Company, and Germania Brewing Association—came together to create the Minneapolis Brewing and Malting Company in 1890.[2] Within a few years, the brewery took on the "Grain Belt" brand, referring to the vast fields of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and the Dakotas as "America's Grain Belt".[1] A building permit for the new collaborative brewery was acquired in June 1891.[3] Completed in July 1892 at a cost of $500,000 ($17 million in 2023), the L-shaped brewery was designed by Frederick Wolff and William Lehle.[4][5] the brewery front features four distinct sections, reminiscent of the four companies that merged to create the brewery.[6][5] An elevator was added to one side in 1904, corrupting the symbolism.[5]: 101 The brewery rapidly grew to one of the largest in Minnesota, second only to Hamm's Brewery in St. Paul. Production was greater than a million barrels per year by the 1960s. However, with competition from larger, national breweries proving to be too competitive, the company began to fell into financial straights and was sold off in 1975 to Irwin L. Jacobs under his company I.J. Enterprises.[7][8][5]: 102 Preservation and renovationFrom 1975 to 1987, the building remained vacant and unused.[1] It was designated a historic landmark for preservation by the Minneapolis City Council in August 1977.[9][10] Its historic status caused the City of Minneapolis to deny permits for its demolition on two occasions, once in 1977 and once in 1986.[11] Various redevelopment plans, including a duty-free foreign trade zone, a luxury hotel, a Shakespearian theater, and an aquarium were put forward.[12][6] By 1986, the Minneapolis Community Development Agency concluded that the ability to redevelop the building "were not optimistic" due to vandalism and degradation over the years of inoccupancy, and demoliton was considered the best option.[13]  While the city had previously declined a donation of the building due to the predicted operating costs, Minneapolis purchased the building in 1989 for $4.85 million ($11.9 million in 2023).[11][6] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.[1] However, by 1993, $1 million ($2.11 million in 2023) had been spent simply to keep the building from collapsing and no developer had come forward yet. City council member Tony Scallon called voting for the purchase the "biggest political mistake I ever made." However, it was acknowledged that any attempts to tear the iconic building down would be met by people standing in front of the bulldozers.[13] In 1995, the Guthrie Theater considered developing the property into offices and a scene shop, but financial considerations caused them to back out within a few months. A deal with Aveda seemed near in early 1997, but by the end of the year that one also fell through.[14] In October 1999, Ryan Companies expressed interest in buying the building.[14] They proposed a $20.3 million ($35.9 million in 2023) plan to develop the building into offices for RSP Architects.[15] By May 2000, a proposal was in place where Ryan Companies would purchase the brewhouse for $1 and the city would assist with $14 million of the $19 million in planned redevelopment costs, with the remaining $5 million being funded by Ryan.[16] The sale went through in May 2001,[a] and the renovated offices opened in 2002.[17][18] Structure The Richardsonian Romanesque brewhouse stands between five and six stories high.[1] While originally divided into four architecturally unique sections in homage to the four original breweries, a fifth section was added in 1904.[5][1] The northeastern-most section of the building, also the tallest, features twin towers with hipped roofs. The next section is five stories high, featuring flat lintels, segmental arches, semicircular windows and a semicircular arch, and is topped with a sign stating "FRIENDLY GRAIN BELT BEER". The third section is also five stories and is topped by a square, hipped belvedere. It also features parapet walls on the outer edges, decorates with finials. The fourth original section, originally containing the grain bins, is six stories high with a four-sided mansard dome topped off with a steel lantern. The fifth section added in 1904 is attached to the southern wall of the fourth section; it is a six story malt-elevator topped with a corbeled cornice.[1] Historic DistrictBeyond the main edifice, several other buildings are part of the historic district. The Wagon Shed and Shops has become the Pierre Bottineau Branch of Hennepin County Library; the Bottling House, including the 1969 addition, now serves as a space for artist studios.[19][1] See alsoNotes
References
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