Glycoside hydrolase family 29

Alpha-L-fucosidase
crystal structure of thermotoga maritima alpha-fucosidase
Identifiers
Symbol	Alpha_L_fucos
Pfam	PF01120
Pfam clan	CL0058
InterPro	IPR000933
PROSITE	PDOC00324
SCOP2	1hl9 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CAZy	GH29
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 29 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.[1][2][3] This classification is available on the CAZy web site,[4][5] and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.[6][7]

Glycoside hydrolase family 29 includes alpha-L-fucosidases,[8] They are lysosomal enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. Alpha-L-fucosidase is responsible for hydrolysing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins.

Fucosylated glycoconjugates are involved in numerous biological events, making alpha-l-fucosidases, the enzymes responsible for their processing, critically important. Deficiency in alpha-l-fucosidase activity is associated with fucosidosis, a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by rapid neurodegeneration, resulting in severe mental and motor deterioration.[9] The enzyme is a hexamer and displays a two-domain fold, composed of a catalytic (beta/alpha)(8)-like domain and a C-terminal beta-sandwich domain.[9]

Drosophila melanogaster spermatozoa contains an alpha-l-fucosidase that might be involved in fertilisation by interacting with alpha-l-fucose residues on the micropyle of the eggshell.[10] In human sperm, membrane-associated alpha-l-fucosidase is stable for extended periods of time, which is made possible by membrane domains and compartmentalisation. These help preserve protein integrity.[11]

References

1. Henrissat B, Callebaut I, Fabrega S, Lehn P, Mornon JP, Davies G (July 1995). "Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (15): 7090–4. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.7090H. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.7090. PMC 41477. PMID 7624375.
2. Davies G, Henrissat B (September 1995). "Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases". Structure. 3 (9): 853–9. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00220-9. PMID 8535779.
3. Henrissat B, Bairoch A (June 1996). "Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases". The Biochemical Journal. 316 (Pt 2): 695–6. doi:10.1042/bj3160695. PMC 1217404. PMID 8687420.
4. "Home". CAZy.org. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
5. Lombard V, Golaconda Ramulu H, Drula E, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B (January 2014). "The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (Database issue): D490-5. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1178. PMC 3965031. PMID 24270786.
6. "Glycoside Hydrolase Family 29". CAZypedia.org. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
7. CAZypedia Consortium (December 2018). "Ten years of CAZypedia: a living encyclopedia of carbohydrate-active enzymes" (PDF). Glycobiology. 28 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwx089. PMID 29040563.
8. Fisher KJ, Aronson NN (December 1989). "Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding rat liver alpha-L-fucosidase". The Biochemical Journal. 264 (3): 695–701. doi:10.1042/bj2640695. PMC 1133642. PMID 2482732.
9. Sulzenbacher G, Bignon C, Nishimura T, Tarling CA, Withers SG, Henrissat B, Bourne Y (March 2004). "Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima alpha-L-fucosidase. Insights into the catalytic mechanism and the molecular basis for fucosidosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (13): 13119–28. doi:10.1074/jbc.M313783200. PMID 14715651.
10. Pasini ME, Intra J, Pavesi G (August 2008). "Expression study of an alpha-l-fucosidase gene in the Drosophilidae family". Gene. 420 (1): 23–33. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.04.021. PMID 18556148.
11. Venditti JJ, Bean BS (October 2009). "Stabilization of membrane-associated alpha-L-fucosidase by the human sperm equatorial segment". International Journal of Andrology. 32 (5): 556–62. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00897.x. PMID 18522672.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000933