Glasgow City Council

Glasgow City Council

Comhairle Baile Ghlaschu
Full council election every 5 years
Coat of arms or logo
Logo
Glasgow City Council logo
Type
Type
History
Founded1 April 1996
Preceded byGlasgow Corporation (c. 1175–1975)
City of Glasgow District Council (1975–1996)
Leadership
Jacqueline McLaren,
SNP
since 19 May 2022[1]
Susan Aitken,
SNP
since 18 May 2017[2]
Susanne Millar
since May 2024[3]
Structure
Seats85 councillors
Political groups
Administration (37)
  SNP (37)
Other parties (48)
  Labour (34)
  Greens (11)[a]
  Conservative (2)
  Independent (1)
Elections
Single transferable vote
Last election
5 May 2022
Next election
6 May 2027
Motto
Let Glasgow Flourish
Meeting place
Headquarters of the council
City Chambers, George Square, Glasgow, G2 1DU
Website
www.glasgow.gov.uk

Glasgow City Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Ghlaschu) is the local government authority for Glasgow City council area, Scotland. In its modern form it was created in 1996. Glasgow was formerly governed by a corporation, also known as the town council, from the granting of its first burgh charter in the 1170s until 1975. From 1975 until 1996 the city was governed by City of Glasgow District Council, a lower-tier authority within the Strathclyde region.

Glasgow City Council has been under no overall control since 2017, being led by a Scottish National Party minority administration. The council has its headquarters at Glasgow City Chambers in George Square, completed in 1889.

History

Glasgow Corporation

Glasgow was given its first burgh charter sometime between 1175 and 1178 by William the Lion.[4] It was then run by "Glasgow Town Council", also known as "Glasgow Corporation", until 1975. The city was part of Lanarkshire until 1893, but the functions which operated at county level were relatively few, largely being limited to lieutenancy and sheriffdom. When elected county councils were created in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, Glasgow Corporation was deemed capable of running its own affairs and so the city was excluded from the area controlled by Lanarkshire County Council, although the county council nevertheless chose to meet in Glasgow as a conveniently accessible location.[5][6] In 1893, Glasgow became its own county for lieutenancy and sheriffdom purposes too, being made a county of itself.[7]

The boundaries of the burgh were extended several times to incorporate areas where the urban zone outgrew the previous boundaries or where there were plans for development. These significant expansions comprise:

City of Glasgow District Council

Local government across Scotland was reorganised in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which replaced the counties and burghs with a two-tier structure of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Glasgow became a district within the Strathclyde region. The local authority was therefore renamed the "City of Glasgow District Council". The Glasgow district covered a larger area than the pre-1975 city, gaining Baillieston, Cambuslang, Carmunnock, Carmyle, Garrowhill, Mount Vernon, Rutherglen, and Springboig.[15][16][17]

Glasgow City Council

Local government was reorganised again in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, which abolished the regions and districts created in 1975 and established 32 single-tier council areas across Scotland, one being the city of Glasgow. The council adopted its modern name of "Glasgow City Council" following these reforms. The council area created in 1996 was smaller than the district which had existed between 1975 and 1996, with the Rutherglen and Cambuslang area being transferred instead to the new South Lanarkshire council area following a local referendum.[18][19]

Political control

For political control before 1975 see Politics of Glasgow

The first election to the City of Glasgow District Council was held in 1974, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing corporation until the new system came into force on 16 May 1975. A shadow authority was again elected in 1995 ahead of the reforms which came into force on 1 April 1996. Political control of the council since 1975 has been as follows:[20]

City of Glasgow District Council

Party in control Years
Labour 1975–1977
No overall control 1977–1980
Labour 1980–1996

Glasgow City Council

Party in control Years
Labour 1996–2017
SNP 2017-Present

Leadership

For leaders before 1996 see Politics of Glasgow

The council is ceremonially headed by the Lord Provost of Glasgow, who convenes meetings of the council and performs associated tasks as a general civic leader. The role dates from the 15th century. Since 1893, when the city was made a county of itself, the Lord Provost has also acted as Lord Lieutenant of the city. The current Lord Provost, elected in May 2022 after that month's election, is Jacqueline McLaren.

Political leadership is provided by the leader of the council. The council changed from an executive-led governance system to a committee-led system in September 2017, with the leader of the council since then chairing the City Administration Committee.[21] The leaders since 1996 have been:[22]

Councillor Party From To
Bob Gould Labour 1 Apr 1996 23 Oct 1997
Frank McAveety Labour 23 Oct 1997 6 May 1999
Charlie Gordon Labour 20 May 1999 24 May 2005
Steven Purcell[23] Labour 24 May 2005 2 Mar 2010
Gordon Matheson Labour 13 May 2010 10 Sep 2015
Frank McAveety Labour 10 Sep 2015 May 2017
Susan Aitken SNP 18 May 2017

Composition

Following the 2022 election and subsequent by-elections and changes of allegiance up to July 2024, the composition of the council was:

Party Councillors
SNP 37
Labour 34
Scottish Green 11[a]
Conservative 2
Independent 1
Total 85
  1. ^ a b The Scottish Greens are in a working agreement with the SNP administration, but they do not form part of it.

The next election is due in 2027.[24]

Elections

The council consists of 85 councillors elected for a five-year term from 23 wards. Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under the single transferable vote system, introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 to replace the first-past-the-post system.

The most recent full council election took place on 5 May 2022, in which no party held a majority of the seats, as had also been the case in the preceding 2017 election. The Scottish National Party remained the largest party, winning 37 seats, whilst Labour won 36 seats, an increase relative to its 2017 result. The Greens won ten seats, also improving on their position in 2017, whilst the Conservatives lost all but two councillors.

The next election is due to take place on 6 May 2027. Election results since 1995 have been as follows:[20]

Year Seats SNP Labour Green Conservative Liberal Democrats Independent / Other Notes
1995 83 1 77 0 3 1 1[a] Labour majority[25]
1999 79 2 74 0 1 1 1[b] New ward boundaries.[26] Labour majority[27]
2003 79 3 71 0 1 3 1[b] Labour majority[28]
2007 79 22 45 5 1 5 1[c] New ward boundaries.[29] Labour majority[30]
2012 79 27 44 5 1 1 1[d] Labour majority[31]
2017 85 39 31 7 8 0 0 New ward boundaries.[32] SNP minority[33]
2022 85 37 36 10 2 0 0 SNP minority

Premises

The council has its meeting place and main offices at Glasgow City Chambers in George Square.[34]

Glasgow Corporation was based at the Tolbooth at Glasgow Cross from at least the fifteenth century, which was rebuilt several times. The last Tolbooth on the site was built in 1626. Most of that building was demolished in 1921, leaving only the steeple standing as a clock tower.[35][36]

Justiciary Buildings, Saltmarket: Corporation's meeting place 1814–1844

In 1814 the corporation vacated the Tolbooth and moved to the new Justiciary Buildings on Saltmarket, overlooking Glasgow Green. The building served both as council chamber and offices for the corporation and as the courthouse for the Lower Ward of Lanarkshire.[37] In 1844 the corporation and sheriff court moved to the new Sheriff Court on Wilson Street. The Justiciary Buildings on Saltmarket thereafter served solely as a courthouse.

In 1889 the council moved to its own purpose-built headquarters at the City Chambers in George Square.[38]

Wards

Current multi-member wards by number

The current multi-member ward system (23 wards, 85 seats) was introduced for the 2017 council election, replacing a similar model (21 wards, 79 seats) in place between 2007 and 2017:

Ward number Ward Seats Population
(2015)[39]
1 Linn[a] 4 29,575
2 Newlands/Auldburn[b] 3 23,144
3 Greater Pollok[c] 4 30,729
4 Cardonald[d] 4 29,639
5 Govan[e] 4 26,769
6 Pollokshields[f] 4 27,983
7 Langside[g] 4 29,060
8 Southside Central[h] 4 25,266
9 Calton[i] 4 27,460
10 Anderston/City/Yorkhill[j] 4 30,184
11 Hillhead[k] 3 25,411
12 Victoria Park[l] 3 20,950
13 Garscadden/Scotstounhill[m] 4 30,565
14 Drumchapel/Anniesland[n] 4 29,432
15 Maryhill[o] 3 22,244
16 Canal[p] 4 25,000
17 Springburn/Robroyston[q] 4 27,237
18 East Centre[r] 4 27,991
19 Shettleston[s] 4 25,806
20 Baillieston[t] 3 21,663
21 North East[u] 3 20,457
22 Dennistoun[v] 3 20,861
23 Partick East/Kelvindale[w] 4 28,914

Ward notes

  1. ^ Carmunnock, Castlemilk, Cathcart (part), Croftfoot, King's Park (part), Muirend, Simshill
  2. ^ Arden, Auldhouse, Carnwadric, Cowglen, Eastwood, Hillpark, Kennishead, Mansewood, Merrylee, Newlands, Pollokshaws
  3. ^ Crookston (part), Darnley, Deaconsbank, Hurlet, Nitshill, Parkhouse, Pollok (part), Priesthill, Southpark
  4. ^ Cardonald, Corkerhill, Crookston (part), Hillington, Mosspark, Penilee, Pollok (part)
  5. ^ Cessnock, Drumoyne, Govan, Ibrox, Kinning Park, Shieldhall, Tradeston
  6. ^ Bellahouston, Craigton, Dumbreck, Pollokshields, Port Eglinton, Shawlands (part), Strathbungo
  7. ^ Battlefield, Cathcart (part), Langside, King's Park (part), Mount Florida, Shawlands (part), Toryglen
  8. ^ Crosshill, Gorbals, Queen's Park, Govanhill, Hutchesontown, Oatlands
  9. ^ Barrowfield, Bridgeton, Calton, Dalmarnock, Gallowgate, Newbank, Parkhead (part)
  10. ^ Anderston, Charing Cross, Cowcaddens, Finnieston, Garnethill, Glasgow City Centre, Kelvingrove, Kelvinhaugh, Merchant City, Townhead, Yorkhill
  11. ^ Hillhead, Kelvinbridge, North Kelvinside, Park District, St George's Cross, Woodlands, Woodside
  12. ^ Anniesland (part), Broomhill, Glasgow Harbour, Jordanhill, Thornwood, Whiteinch
  13. ^ Garscadden, Knightswood (part), Scotstounhill, Scotstoun, Yoker
  14. ^ Anniesland (part), Blairdardie, Drumchapel, Knightswood (part), Old Drumchapel, Temple
  15. ^ Gilshochill, Maryhill, Summerston, Wyndford
  16. ^ Cadder, Colston, Hamiltonhill, Milton, Lambhill, Parkhouse, Port Dundas, Possilpark, Ruchill
  17. ^ Balornock, Barmulloch, Millerston (part), Robroyston, Springburn
  18. ^ Barlanark, Cranhill, Carntyne, Greenfield Riddrie, Springboig
  19. ^ Braidfauld, Carmyle, Lilybank, Mount Vernon, Parkhead (part), Sandyhills, Shettleston, Tollcross
  20. ^ Baillieston, Broomhouse, Easthall, Garrowhill, Swinton, Wellhouse
  21. ^ Blackhill, Craigend, Easterhouse, Garthamlock, Hogganfield, Ruchazie
  22. ^ Dennistoun, Germiston, Haghill, Royston, Sighthill
  23. ^ Dowanhill, Hyndland, Kelvindale, Kelvinside, Partick (part)

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Council minutes, 19 May 2022". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  2. ^ "SNP will run Glasgow Council as minority". 18 May 2017 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  3. ^ Paterson, Stewart (26 March 2024). "New chief executive appointed to Glasgow City Council". The Herald. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  4. ^ Marwick, J. D. (1897). Charters and Documents relating to the City of Glasgow 1175–1649. British History Online. pp. v–xxiii. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  5. ^ Guide to local government in parishes, counties and burghs. Edinburgh: Royal College of Physicians. 1892. pp. xxiii–xxx. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  6. ^ "Preparing for the elections in Scotland". The County Council Magazine. London: F. Warne and Company. 1890. p. 284. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  7. ^ "County of the City of Glasgow Act 1893 (c. 188)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Glasgow Magistrates and Police Act 1830 (c. 42)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  9. ^ Glasgow Municipal, Police, and Statute Labour Act, 1846. 1846. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  10. ^ "City of Glasgow Act 1891 (c. 130)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  11. ^ "Glasgow Corporation Order Confirmation Act 1905 (c. 127)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  12. ^ "Glasgow Boundaries Act 1912 (c. 95)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  13. ^ "Glasgow Boundaries Act 1925 (c. 131)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  14. ^ "Glasgow Boundaries Order Confirmation Act 1937 (c. 6)". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1973 c. 65, retrieved 29 January 2023
  16. ^ Irene Maver. "Modern Times: 1950s to The Present Day > Neighbourhoods". The Glasgow Story. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  17. ^ "Scotland's Landscape: City of Glasgow". BBC. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  18. ^ "Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1994 c. 39, retrieved 29 January 2023
  19. ^ "Priority is finding a way forward for Glasgow". The Herald. 4 September 2001. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  20. ^ a b "Compositions calculator". The Elections Centre. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  21. ^ "Glasgow City Council: Review of Decision-Making Arrangements, 14th Sept 2017".
  22. ^ "Council minutes". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  23. ^ "Steven Purcell resigns as councillor after quitting as Glasgow City Council leader". Daily Record. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  24. ^ "Glasgow". Local Councils. Thorncliffe. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  25. ^ Scottish Council Elections 1995 - Results and Statistics, H.M. Bochel, D.T. Denver, p.95-97
  26. ^ "The Glasgow City (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1998", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1998/3078, retrieved 29 January 2023
  27. ^ Scottish Council Elections 1999 - Results and Statistics, H.M. Bochel, D.T. Denver
  28. ^ Chapter 57 Clyde Councils, Local Election Results, 5th May 2003, Andrew Teale
  29. ^ Scottish Parliament. The Glasgow City (Electoral Arrangements) Order 2006 as made, from legislation.gov.uk.
  30. ^ Local Election Results 3rd May 2007, Andrew Teale (2008)
  31. ^ Local Election Results 2012: Glasgow, Local Elections Archive Project (LEAP), Andrew Teale
  32. ^ Scottish Parliament. The Glasgow City (Electoral Arrangements) Order 2016 as made, from legislation.gov.uk.
  33. ^ Local Election Results 2017, Glasgow City Council
  34. ^ "Contact us". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  35. ^ "Glasgow, High Street, Tolbooth Steeple". Canmore. Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  36. ^ Trongate, 1770 (Mitchell Library, Foulis Academy Prints), The Glasgow Story
  37. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Justiciary Courts, excluding extension to Mart Street, 212 Saltmarket Street, Glasgow (LB32844)". Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  38. ^ City Chambers (Mitchell Library, Glasgow Collection), The Glasgow Story
  39. ^ "Local Ward Factsheets". Glasgow City Council. 1 January 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by LGC Council of the Year
2015
Succeeded by

Read other articles:

Franz I của Thánh chế La Mãđược vẽ bởi Martin van Meytens, c. 1745Hoàng đế La Mã Thần thánhVua La Mã ĐứcVua ĐứcTại vị13 September 1745 – 18 August 1765Đăng quang4 October 1745, FrankfurtTiền nhiệmKarl VIIKế nhiệmJoseph IIĐại Vương công ÁoTại vị21 November 1740 – 18 August 1765Co-monarchMaria Theresia ITiền nhiệmMaria Theresia IKế nhiệmJoseph IIĐại Công tước xứ ToscanaTại vị12 July 1737 – 18 August 1765Tiền nhiệm…

1946 British film by Sidney Gilliat Green for DangerTheatrical film posterDirected bySidney GilliatWritten bySidney GilliatClaud GurneyBased onGreen for Danger by Christianna BrandProduced byFrank LaunderSidney GilliatStarringSally GrayTrevor HowardRosamund JohnAlastair SimLeo GennCinematographyWilkie CooperEdited byThelma MyersMusic byWilliam AlwynProductioncompanyIndividual PicturesDistributed byGeneral Film DistributorsRelease dates 7 December 1946 (1946-12-07) (UK) August&…

2015 film by J. J. Abrams For the film's soundtrack, see Star Wars: The Force Awakens (soundtrack). Star Wars: The Force AwakensTheatrical release posterDirected byJ. J. AbramsWritten by Lawrence Kasdan J. J. Abrams Michael Arndt Based onCharactersby George LucasProduced by Kathleen Kennedy J. J. Abrams Bryan Burk Starring Harrison Ford Mark Hamill Carrie Fisher Adam Driver Daisy Ridley John Boyega Oscar Isaac Lupita Nyong'o Andy Serkis Domhnall Gleeson Anthony Daniels Peter Mayhew Max von Sydow…

MorigeratiKomuneComune di MorigeratiLokasi Morigerati di Provinsi SalernoNegaraItaliaWilayah CampaniaProvinsiSalerno (SA)Luas[1] • Total21,19 km2 (8,18 sq mi)Ketinggian[2]281 m (922 ft)Populasi (2016)[3] • Total699 • Kepadatan33/km2 (85/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos84030Kode area telepon0974Situs webhttp://www.comune.morigerati.sa.it Morigerati adalah s…

Medical condition Medical conditionRespiratory acidosisDavenport diagramSpecialtyIntensive care medicine, pulmonology, internal medicine  Respiratory acidosis is a state in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis). Carbon dioxide is produced continuously as the body's cells respire, and this CO2 will accumulate rapidly if the lungs do not adequately expel it t…

South Indian script Grantha script𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥The word 'Grantha' in modern Grantha typefaceScript type Abugida Time period7th century CE – present[1][2] (excluding Pallava Grantha)DirectionLeft-to-right LanguagesTamil and SanskritRelated scriptsParent systemsEgyptianProto-SinaiticPhoenicianAramaicBrahmiTamil-BrahmiPallava[3]Grantha scriptChild systemsMalayalamSaurashtraTigalari[4]Dhives AkuruSister systemsTamil, Old Mon, Khmer, Cham, KawiISO 159…

British people of Asian descent For subgroupings of British people of Asian descent, see Central Asians in the United Kingdom, East Asians in the United Kingdom, South Asians in the United Kingdom, and Southeast Asians in the United Kingdom. For British Asians from East or Southeast Asia, also known as the Far East, see British East and Southeast Asian. Ethnic group British AsiansAsian/Asian British population percentage across the United Kingdom in 2011Total population United Kingdom: 5,758,104…

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع مملكة بولندا (توضيح). الكومنولث البولندي الليتواني مملكة بولندا ودوقية ليتوانيا Królestwo Polskie i Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie Каралеўства Польскае і Вялікае Княства ЛітоўскаеKaraleўstva Pol'skae і Vjalikae Knjastva LitoўskaeLenkijos Karalystė ir Lietuvos Didžioji KunigaikštystėRegnum Poloniae Magnusque Ducatus Lithuaniae ملكية …

كارول الثاني (بالرومانية: Carol al II-lea)‏  كارول الثاني ملك رومانيا فترة الحكم 8 يونيو 1930 - 6 سبتمبر 1940 ميخائيل الأول ميخائيل الأول ولي عهده ميخائيل الأول معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل كارول كاريمان الميلاد 15 أكتوبر 1893 [1][2][3][4]  قصر بيليش[4]  الوفاة 4 أبريل 195…

  ميّز عن مبرهنة. نظريةمعلومات عامةصنف فرعي من فكرة يستخدمه theoretical framework (en) لديه جزء أو أجزاء hypothetical event (en) تفسير النقيض practice (en) براكسيس تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات النظرية. يوجد لها عدد من المعاني المختلفة باختلاف الفرع الذي تُستخدم فيه هذه الكلمة.[1][2]&…

Matthew Kennedy Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Matthew KennedyTanggal lahir 1 November 1994 (umur 29)Tempat lahir Irvine, SkotlandiaTinggi 5 ft 9 in (1,75 m)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Plymouth Argyle (pinjaman dari Cardiff City)Nomor 16Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2011–2012 Kilmarnock 14 (0)2012–2015 Everton 0 (0)2014 → Tranmere Rovers (pinjaman) 8 (0)2014 → Milton Keynes Dons (pinjaman) 7 (1)2014–2015 → Hibernian (pinjaman) 13 (0)20…

نهائي الدوري الأوروبي 2016الحدثدوري أوروبا 2015–16 ليفربول إشبيلية 1 3 التاريخ18 مايو 2016  الملعبسانت ياكوب بارك  ، بازلالحكميوناس إريكسون  الحضور34429   → 2015 2017 ← نهائي الدوري الأوروبي 2016 هي المباراة النهائية من الدوري الأوروبي 2015–16، وهي النسخة الخامسة والأربعين من من م…

此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2018年1月12日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 沙卡拉Chácara市镇沙卡拉在巴西的位置坐标:21°40′19″S 43°13′19″W / 21.6719°S 43.2219°W / -21.6719; -43.2219国家巴西州米纳斯吉拉斯州面积 • 总计152.874 平方公里(59.025 平方…

Unincorporated community in Maryland, United StatesFair Hill, MarylandUnincorporated communityFair HillLocation within the State of MarylandShow map of MarylandFair HillFair Hill (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 39°42′08″N 75°52′05″W / 39.70222°N 75.86806°W / 39.70222; -75.86806Country United StatesState MarylandCounty CecilTime zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)GNIS feature ID584314 Fair Hill …

Element ≥ (or ≤) each other element Hasse diagram of the set P {\displaystyle P} of divisors of 60, partially ordered by the relation x {\displaystyle x} divides y {\displaystyle y} . The red subset S = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 10 , 15 , 30 } {\displaystyle S=\{1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30\}} has one greatest element, viz. 30, and one least element, viz. 1. These elements are also maximal and minimal elements, respectively, of the red subset. In mathematics, especially in order theory, the greatest eleme…

Johanna Uerieta Gertze (née Kazahendike) (Otjimbingwe, 16 July 1836 – 3 July 1935, Otjimbingwe) was a Namibian Herero and Christian convert. Gertze worked in the household of Carl Hugo Hahn and his wife at Otjikango. She initially came to the school at the mission to learn sewing and soon became so proficient that she was teaching the art to others. She appears to have been fluent in English, Dutch, and German, and she assisted in translating a variety of materials into Herero. Between 1860 a…

Azlan ShahYang di-Pertuan Agong Malaysia Ke-9 Sultan Perak Darul Ridzuan Ke-33 ڤدوک سري سلطان ارسلان محب الدين شاه إبن المرحوم سلطان يوسف عزالدين شاه غفر الله لهYang Dipertuan Agong Ke-9Berkuasa26 April 1989 – 25 April 1994PendahuluBaginda Al Mutawakkil Alallah Sultan Mahmud Iskandar Al Haj Ibni Al Marhum Sultan Haji Sir Ismail Al KhalidiPenerusTuanku Ja'afar Ibni Al Marhum Tuanku Abdul RahmanSultan Perak Ke-33Berkuasa3 Februar…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Moneo. Rafael MoneoBiographieNaissance 9 mai 1935 (89 ans)TudelaNationalité espagnoleFormation Université polytechnique de MadridAcadémie d'Espagne à RomeÉcole technique supérieure d'architecture de MadridActivité ArchitecteEnfant Belén Moneo (d)Autres informationsA travaillé pour Université HarvardUniversité polytechnique de CatalogneÉcole technique supérieure d'architecture de MadridMembre de Académie royale des Beaux-Arts Saint-FerdinandAca…

Artistic gymnastics apparatus Berta Pujadas Nastia Liukin Lineup for practice The uneven bars or asymmetric bars is an artistic gymnastics apparatus. It is made of a steel frame. The bars are made of fiberglass with wood coating, or less commonly wood.[1] The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is UB or AB, and the apparatus and event are often referred to simply as bars. The bars are placed at different heights and widths, allowing the gymnast to transition from bar…

1916 armed insurrection in Ireland This article is about the armed insurrection in Ireland. For the musical, see Easter Rising (musical). Easter RisingÉirí Amach na CáscaPart of the Irish revolutionary periodO'Connell Street, Dublin, after the Rising. The GPO is at left, and Nelson's Pillar at right.Date24–29 April 1916LocationMostly Dublin; skirmishes in counties Meath, Galway, Louth, Wexford, CorkResult Unconditional surrender of rebel forces, execution of most leadersBelligerents Irish r…