Gisèle Halimi

Gisèle Halimi
Halimi in 2009
Permanent Representative of France to UNESCO
In office 13 April 1985 – 1 September 1986
President	François Mitterrand
Preceded by	Jacqueline Baudrier
Succeeded by	Marie-Claude Cabana
Member of the National Assembly for Isère's 4th constituency
In office 21 June 1981 – 9 September 1984
Preceded by	Jacques-Antoine Gaur
Succeeded by	Maurice Rival
Personal details
Born	Zeiza Gisèle Élise Taïeb (1927-07-27)27 July 1927 La Goulette, Tunis, Tunisia
Died	28 July 2020(2020-07-28) (aged 93) 7th arrondissement of Paris, France
Nationality	Tunisian French
Spouse(s)	Paul Halimi (divorced) Claude Faux
Children	3 (including Serge Halimi)
Alma mater	University of Paris Sciences Po
Profession	Lawyer
Signature

Gisèle Halimi (born Zeiza Gisèle Élise Taïeb; 27 July 1927 – 28 July 2020) was a Tunisian-French lawyer, politician, essayist and feminist activist.[1]

Biography

Zeiza Gisèle Élise Taïeb was born in La Goulette, Tunisia, on 27 July 1927 to a practicing Jewish Berber family. Her father, Edouard Taïeb, began as a courier in a law office before becoming a notary clerk and then a legal expert. He was naturalized as a French citizen in 1928.[2] Her mother, Fortunée "Fritna" Mettoudi, conformed to society's expectations of traditional womanhood, which Halimi cited as the reason for her own early feminist engagement.[3] When Gisèle was born, her parents hid her birth for three weeks because at that time giving birth to a daughter was perceived as a curse.[4] At 12 years old, she refused to wait on her brothers and went on a hunger strike to protest the gender roles enforced by her family. At 15, she refused to marry a rich oil merchant much older than herself.[5]

She was educated at a French lycée in Tunis, then attended the University of Paris, graduating in law and philosophy. She had three sons: Serge, a journalist, and Jean-Yves, a lawyer, from her first marriage to Paul Halimi, and Emmanuel Faux, a journalist, from her second marriage to Claude Faux.[6] She died the day following her 93rd birthday, on July 28, 2020.[7]

Career

In 1948, Halimi qualified as a lawyer and, after eight years at the Tunis bar,[8] moved to practise at the Paris bar in 1956.[8] She acted as a counsel for the Algerian National Liberation Front, most notably for the activist Djamila Boupacha, who had been raped and tortured by French soldiers,[8] writing a book in 1961 (with an introduction by Simone de Beauvoir) to plead her case.[8] She also defended Basque individuals accused of crimes committed during the conflict in Basque Country. Halimi served as counsel in many cases related to women's issues,[8] such as the 1972 Bobigny abortion trial (of a 17-year-old accused of procuring an illegal abortion after having been raped),[8] which attracted national attention.

In 1967, she chaired the Russell Tribunal, which was initiated by Bertrand Russell and Jean-Paul Sartre to investigate and evaluate U.S. military action in Vietnam.^[citation needed]

In 1971, she founded the feminist group Choisir (To Choose)[9] to protect the women who had signed the Manifesto of the 343 admitting to having had illegal abortions, of whom she was one.[8][10] In 1972, Choisir evolved into a clearly reformist body, and its campaign greatly influenced the passage of the law allowing contraception and abortion carried through by Simone Veil in 1974.^[citation needed]

In 1981, Halimi was elected to the French National Assembly,[8] as an independent Socialist and served as Deputy for Isère until 1984. Between 1985 and 1987, she was a French legate to UNESCO.[11]

In 1998, she was a founding member of ATTAC.[12]

Honors

Honorary member of the Order of Lawyers of Mexico in 1982.[13]

Personality of the Year Award from the Grand Jury of International Distinction in 1983.[13]

Minerva Award from the Club delle Donne, in the "Field of Politics and Social Engagement" section (Rome, October 1985).[13]

Medal of the Paris Bar Association (April 2003).[13]

Works

Title	English translation	Time of first publication	First edition publisher/publication	Unique identifier	Notes
Djamila Boupacha		1962	Gallimard	ISBN 978-2070205240
Le procès de Burgos	The Burgos Trials	1971		ISBN 978-2070279487
La cause des femmes	The Cause of Women	1973		ISBN 2-246-00028-9
Avortement, une loi en procès	Abortion, a Law on Trial	1973		ISBN 2-246-00028-9
The Right to Choose		1977		ISBN 0-7022-1433-7
Viol, Le procès d'Aix: Choisir la cause des femmes	Rape, the Aix Trial: Choosing the Cause of Women	1978		ISBN 978-2070353989
Le Programme commun des femmes	The Common Women's Program	1978		ISBN 2-246-00572-8
le Lait de l'Oranger	Milk for the Orange Tree	1988		ISBN 0-7043-2738-4
Une embellie perdue	A Lost Beauty	1995		ISBN 2-07-073788-8
La nouvelle cause des femmes	The New Cause of Women	1997		ISBN 2-02-031973-X
Fritna		1999		ISBN 2-259-19134-7
La parité dans la vie politique	Parity in Political Life	1999		ISBN 2-11-004376-8
Avocate irrespectueuse	Disrespectful Counsel	2002		ISBN 2-259-19453-2
Le procès de Bobigny: Choisir la cause des femmes	The Bobigny Trial: Choosing the Cause of Women	2006		ISBN 2-07-077515-1	Preface by Simone de Beauvoir
La Kahina		2006		ISBN 2-259-20314-0
Ne vous résignez jamais	Never Resign Yourself	2009		ISBN 978-2-259-20941-0
Histoire d'une passion	History of a Passion	2011	Plon	ISBN 2-259-21394-4

Footnotes

1. Lawrence D. Kritzman; Brian J. Reilly; Malcolm DeBevoise (September 2007). The Columbia History of Twentieth-Century French Thought. Columbia University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-231-10790-7. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
2. "De Tunis à Paris : la généalogie de Gisèle Halimi". rfgenealogie.com (in French). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
3. "HALIMI Gisèle [née ZEIZA Gisèle, Élise, Taïeb]". maitron.fr (in French). 5 April 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
4. "Gisèle Halimi". mairie7.lyon.fr (in French). 7 March 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
5. "Gisèle Halimi : "À 12 ans, j'ai fait une grève de la faim parce que les filles servaient les garçons"". radiofrance.fr (in French). 28 July 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
6. "Gisèle Halimi - Sa bio et toute son actualité". www.elle.fr (in French). Retrieved 28 July 2020.
7. "L'avocate Gisèle Halimi, défenseuse passionnée de la cause des femmes, est morte". Le Monde (in French). 28 July 2020.
8. "Une vie : Gisèle Halimi". Brut (in French). 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
9. Raylene L. Ramsay (2003). French women in politics: writing power, paternal legitimization, and maternal legacies. Berghahn Books. pp. 135–139. ISBN 978-1-57181-081-6. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
10. Le manifeste des 343 Archived 23 April 2001 at the Wayback Machine
11. "France". UNESCO. 17 October 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2003. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
12. "ATTAC founding members" (in French). Archived from the original on 12 April 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
13. "HOMMAGE - Gisèle Halimi, de La Goulette au barreau parisien". le petit journal.

References

• An unlikely alliance. The Guardian, 12 August 2003. Accessed 2011-01-15.

Further reading

• General Paul Aussaresses, The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955-1957. (New York: Enigma Books, 2010) ISBN 9781929631308.
• Natalie Edwards, The Autobiographies of Julia Kristeva, Gisèle Halimi, Assia Djebar and Hélène Cixous : beyond "I" versus "we". (Chicago: Northwestern University, 2005) ISBN 0542173042.