George Cathcart

Major-General The Honourable

Sir George Cathcart
Major-General The Honourable; Sir George Cathcart
	General Sir George Cathcart
Born	12 May 1794; Renfrewshire, Scotland
Died	5 November 1854 (aged 60); Inkerman, Crimea
Buried	British Cemetery in Sevastopol
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service / branch	United Kingdom
Years of service	1810–1854
Rank	Major-General
Commands	4th Division
Battles / wars	Napoleonic Wars Battle of Copenhagen; Hundred Days Battle of Quatre Bras; Battle of Waterloo; ; ; Eighth Xhosa War; Battle of Berea; Crimean War Battle of Inkerman †; ;
Awards	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Spouse(s)	Lady Georgiana Greville

Major-General Hon. Sir George Cathcart GCB (12 May 1794 – 5 November 1854) was a Scottish general and diplomat. He was killed in action at the Battle of Inkerman during the Crimean War.

Military career

Cathcart was born in Renfrewshire, son of William Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart. After receiving his education at Eton and in Edinburgh, he was commissioned into the Life Guards in 1810. In 1813 he went to Russia to serve as aide-de-camp to his father, who was ambassador and military commissioner. George Cathcart was present at the battles between the Russian and the French armies in 1813 and he followed the Russian Army through Europe, entering Paris in March 1814.^[1]

When Napoleon returned in 1815, Cathcart served as aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington and was present at the battles of Quatre Bras and Waterloo. After the war he was commissioned in the 7th Hussars, promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1826. He then joined the 57th Regiment in 1828, the 8th Hussars in 1830 and the 1st Dragoon Guards in 1838. Cathcart was promoted to colonel in 1841, and on 11 November 1851 was promoted to Major-General.^[1]

In 1852 to 1853, as Governor of the Cape of Good Hope,^[2] he granted the first constitution to the colony, ending the 8th Cape Frontier War and defeating the Basutos at the Battle of Berea. In July 1853 Cathcart was made KCB.^[1]

In 1853 he was appointed Adjutant-General to the Forces,^[3] and he left the Cape in April 1854.^[1]

At the start of the Crimean War, he was appointed to command the 4th infantry division. The British government gave him a "dormant commission" which meant that if something were to happen to Lord Raglan, Cathcart would take command.^[1] At the Battle of the Alma in September 1854, his division saw no action and after the Battle of Balaclava, where his division was called into action, his dormant commission was revoked.^[1] He advised an infantry assault on Sevastopol, thinking it could be taken, but was turned down by Lord Raglan.^[1]

He took command of the 1st Brigade during the Battle of Inkerman, where there was great confusion, was told to "Support the Guards", and then led his men too far, and was shot through the heart while charging up a hill with a company of 50 men from the 20th Regiment of Foot on 5 November 1854.^[1]

Personal life

On 12 May 1824, Cathcart married his first and second cousin Lady Georgiana Greville (died 12 December 1871), daughter of Louisa Cathcart and Hon. Robert Fulke Greville. They had one son and seven daughters who all died unmarried.^[4]

Jane (21 October 1825 – 23 March 1903)
Louisa Margaret (13 August 1827 – 12 March 1835), died in childhood
Georgiana Mary (20 April 1829 – 7 June 1852)
George Greville (13 December 1832 – 12 May 1841), died in childhood
Alice (7 September 1830 – 13 June 1855)
Hon. Emily Sarah (24 November 1834 – 16 February 1917), appointed Maid of Honour to the Queen in 1855 (giving her the courtesy rank of a baron's daughter),^[5] and later served as a Woman of the Bedchamber from 1880^[6]^[7]
Louisa (29 June 1839 – 25 June 1890)
Anne (23 October 1840 – 27 December 1917)

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "George Cathcart". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Bloy, Marjie. "Sir George Cathcart (1794-1854)". Victorian Web. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
^ "No. 21283". The London Gazette. 10 January 1852. p. 161.
^ "No. 21503". The London Gazette. 16 December 1853. p. 3683.
^ Burke, Sir John Bernard (1878). A General and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire. Harrison. p. 218.
^ "No. 21745". The London Gazette. 13 July 1855. p. 2693.
^ "No. 24800". The London Gazette. 13 January 1880. p. 143.
^ "Obituary". The Times. The Times Digital Archive. 19 February 1917. p. 12.

Bibliography

George Cathcart, Commentaries on the War in Russia and Germany in 1812 and 1813, London: 1850.
Cathcart, George (1857). Correspondence of Lieut.-General the Hon. Sir George Cathcart, K.C.B., relative to his military operations in Kaffraria. London: Murray. p. 401.

Government offices
Preceded by Sir Harry Smith	Governor of the Cape Colony 1852–1853	Succeeded by Sir Charles Henry Darling acting
Military offices
Preceded by Sir George Brown	Adjutant General 1853–1854	Succeeded by Sir George Wetherall