Gastrodia zeylanica

Gastrodia zeylanica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Tribe:	Gastrodieae
Genus:	Gastrodia
Species:	G. zeylanica
Binomial name
Gastrodia zeylanica Schltr 1906
Synonyms
Demorchis zeylanica (Schltr.) M. A. Clem.; D. L. Jones 2019

Gastrodia zeylanica is a species of potato orchids which is endemic to Sri Lanka. It was added to the 2007 Red list of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka as 'critically endangered', on the basis of it having only been collected from a few localities.[1][2]

Taxonomy

It was first reported from Sri Lanka in 1864 by George Henry Kendrick Thwaites, who classified it as Gastrodia javanica, this was followed by subsequent authors until 1906, when Rudolf Schlechter described the Sri Lankan specimens as a new species which he called G. zeylanica.[3]

In 2019 it was synonymized as Demorchis zeylanica (Demorchis is a synonym of Gastrodia), by Mark Alwin Clements and David Lloyd Jones.[4]

Distribution

It is native to southwest Sri Lanka.

In the 1981 A Revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Jayaweera mistakenly included illustrations of a Didymoplexis, possibly D. pallens, titled as Gastrodia zeylanica, and based on these illustrations Khan and Halam identified G. zeylanica as occurring in Bangladesh in 1989.[3] This belief was maintained in Our present knowledge on the Terrestrial Orchidaceae by Khanam et al.[5] Jayaweera's mistake was first pointed out by Fernando and Ormerod in their 2008 publication An Annotated Checklist of the Orchids of Sri Lanka.[3][6]

References

1. Ediriweera, A.; Senanayake, C.; Wijerathe, P. (2012). "Observation of flowers of Gastrodia zeylanica: an endemic, critically endangered saprophytic orchid species in Kanneliya rainforest, Sri Lanka" (PDF). Tigerpaper (FAO). ISSN 1014-2789.
2. IUCN Sri Lanka and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (2007). 2007 Red list of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka (PDF). Colombo, Sri Lanka: World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. p. 63. ISBN 978-955-8177-63-1.
3. Bandara, Champika; Priyankara, Theja; Atthanagoda, G.; Lakkana, Tithira; Ediriweera, Sisira; Kumar, Pankaj (March 2020). "Gastrodia gunatillekeorum (Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from a lowland rainforest of Sri Lanka". Phytotaxa. 436: 55–62. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.436.1.5.
4. "Demorchis zeylanica". International Plant Names Index. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
5. "Gastrodia zeylanica Schltr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2020-08-02.
6. Fernando, Samantha Suranjan; Ormerod, Paul (January 2008). "An Annotated Checklist of the Orchids of Sri Lanka". Rheedea. 18 (1): 14. Retrieved 3 August 2020.