en Gastrochaenolites

Gastrochaenolites
	Gastrochaenolites (G) and Entobia (E) in limestone cobble from the Los Banós Formation, Upper Miocene, SE Spain.
Trace fossil classification
Ichnofamily:	†Gastrochaenolitidae
Ichnogenus:	†Gastrochaenolites; Leymerie, 1842
Type ichnospecies
	Gastrochaenolites lapidicus; Kelly & Bromley, 1984
Ichnospecies
	G. ampullatus Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. anauchen Wilson & Palmer, 1998; G. cluniformis Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. cor Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1987; G. dijugus Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. hospitium Kleemann, 2009; G. japonicus (Hatai et al., 1974); G. lapidicus Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. oelandicus Ekdale & Bromley, 2001; G. orbicularis Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. ornatus Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. pickerilli Donovan, 2002; G. raigadensis (Badve & Ghare, 1984); G. turbinatus Kelly & Bromley, 1984; G. vivus Edinger & Risk, 1994;
Synonyms
	Moniopterus Hatai et al., 1974; Paleolithophaga Chiplonkar & Ghare, 1976; Paleolithopholas Badve & Ghare, 1984;

Gastrochaenolites is a trace fossil formed as a clavate (club-shaped) boring in a hard substrate such as a shell, rock or carbonate hardground. The aperture of the boring is narrower than the main chamber and may be circular, oval, or dumb-bell shaped.^[2] Gastrochaenolites is most commonly attributed to bioeroding bivalves such as Lithophaga and Gastrochaena.^[3] The fossil ranges from the Ordovician to the Recent.^[4]^[5] The first Lower Jurassic Gastrochaenolites ichnospecies is Gastrochaenolites messisbugi Bassi, Posenato, Nebelsick, 2017. This is the first record of boreholes and their producers (mytilid bivalves) in one of the larger bivalves of the globally occurring Lithiotis fauna which is a unique facies in the Lower Jurassic Tethys and Panthalassa.

References

^ ^a ^b Wisshak, M.; Knaust, D.; Bertling, M. (2019). "Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list". Facies. 65 (2): 24. doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8.
^ Kelly, S.R.A., Bromley, R.G. (1984). "Ichnological nomenclature of clavate borings". Palaeontology. 27: 793–807.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Kleemann, K.H. (1980). "Boring bivalves and their host corals from the Great Barrier Reef". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 46: 13–54.
^ Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. (2003). "Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1–2): 1–103. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62....1T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A. (2010). "Early large borings from a hardground of Floian-Dapingian age (Early and Middle Ordovician) in northeastern Estonia (Baltica)". Carnets de Géologie. 2010: CG2010_L04. doi:10.4267/2042/35594. Archived from the original on 2020-01-17. Retrieved 2014-06-10.

Bassi, D., Posenato, R., Nebelsick, J.H., Owada, M., Domenicali, E., Iryu, Y. (2017). "Bivalve borings in Lower Jurassic Lithiotis fauna from northeastern Italy and its palaeoecological interpretation". Historical Biology. 29 (7): 937–946. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1265956. hdl:11392/2373090. S2CID 132901459.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bassi, D., Braga, J.C., Owada, M., Aguirre, J., Lipps, J.H., Takayanagi, H., Iryu, Y. (2020). "Boring bivalve traces in modern reef and deeper water macroid and rhodolith beds". Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. 7 (1): 41. Bibcode:2020PEPS....7...41B. doi:10.1186/s40645-020-00356-w. hdl:10481/64249.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

Gastrochaenolites systematics and diagrams (in German).

[Bioerosion2019-1] Wisshak, M.; Knaust, D.; Bertling, M. (2019). "Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list". Facies. 65 (2): 24. doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8.

[2] Kelly, S.R.A., Bromley, R.G. (1984). "Ichnological nomenclature of clavate borings". Palaeontology. 27: 793–807.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Kleemann, K.H. (1980). "Boring bivalves and their host corals from the Great Barrier Reef". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 46: 13–54.

[4] Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. (2003). "Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1–2): 1–103. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62....1T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Vinn, O.; Wilson, M.A. (2010). "Early large borings from a hardground of Floian-Dapingian age (Early and Middle Ordovician) in northeastern Estonia (Baltica)". Carnets de Géologie. 2010: CG2010_L04. doi:10.4267/2042/35594. Archived from the original on 2020-01-17. Retrieved 2014-06-10.

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