Gandaca harina

Tree yellow
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Genus:	Gandaca
Species:	G. harina
Binomial name
Gandaca harina (Horsfield, 1829)

Gandaca harina, the tree yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in India, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia. The species was first described by Thomas Horsfield in 1829.[1]

Gandaca harina distanti museum specimens from Malaya

Subspecies

• Gandaca harina assamica Moore, 1906 – (Assam, Sikkim, Bengal)[2]
• Gandaca harina andamana Moore, 1906 – (Andaman)[2]
• Gandaca harina nicobarica Evans, 1932 – (Nicobar)[2]
• Gandaca harina harina – (Java)[2]
• Gandaca harina burmana Moore, 1906 – (S.Burma, Thailand - S.Vietnam)[2]
• Gandaca harina auriflua Fruhstorfer, 1899 – (Sula Is., Banggai)[2]
• Gandaca harina distanti Fruhstorfer, 1910 – (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Langkawi, Sumatra)[2]
• Gandaca harina austrosundana Fruhstorfer, 1910 – (Lombok)[2]

References

1. Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 68. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
2. Savela, Markku. "Gandaca harina (Horsfield, [1829])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved July 1, 2018.

• Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
• Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
• Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
• Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
• Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.