Flunitrazolam

Flunitrazolam
Legal status

Legal status	CA: Schedule IV DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only) UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-methyl-8-nitro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
CAS Number	2243815-18-9^Y
PubChem CID	137700379
ChemSpider	59718543
UNII	OK0I6HTR1Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID601024059
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₇H₁₂FN₅O₂
Molar mass	337.314 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=[N](=O)c4ccc2-n1c(C)nnc1CN=C(c2c4)c3ccccc3F
InChI InChI=1S/C17H12FN5O2/c1-10-20-21-16-9-19-17(12-4-2-3-5-14(12)18)13-8-11(23(24)25)6-7-15(13)22(10)16/h2-8H,9H2,1H3 Key:RDLAGIOILLWVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Flunitrazolam (FNTZ, Flunazolam) is a triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD), which are benzodiazepine (BZD) derivatives, that has been sold online as a designer drug, and is a potent hypnotic and sedative drug similar to related compounds such as flunitrazepam, clonazolam and flubromazolam. It was first definitively identified and reported to the EMCDDA Early Warning System, by an analytical laboratory in Germany in October 2016,^[1] and had not been described in the scientific or patent literature before this.^[2] It is the triazole analogue of Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol). The addition of the triazole ring to the scaffold increases potency significantly, this is evident as flunitrazolam is reported anecdotally to be active in the microgram level. It is active at 0.1 mg.^[3]^[4]

References

^ "Europol 2016 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA" (PDF).
^ Cornett EM, Novitch MB, Brunk AJ, Davidson KS, Menard BL, Urman RD, Kaye AD (June 2018). "New benzodiazepines for sedation". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 32 (2): 149–164. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2018.06.007. PMID 30322456. S2CID 53501694.
^ Ameline A, Richeval C, Gaulier JM, Raul JS, Kintz P (July 2018). "Characterization of Flunitrazolam, a New Designer Benzodiazepine, in Oral Fluid After a Controlled Single Administration". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 42 (6): e58–e60. doi:10.1093/jat/bky012. PMID 29462316.
^ Ameline A, Richeval C, Gaulier JM, Raul JS, Kintz P (February 2019). "Detection of the designer benzodiazepine flunitrazolam in urine and preliminary data on its metabolism". Drug Testing and Analysis. 11 (2): 223–229. doi:10.1002/dta.2480. PMID 30109775. S2CID 52001932.

v t e Benzodiazepines
1,4-Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Bromazepam BMS-906024* Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clonazepam Cloniprazepam Clorazepate Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Desmethylflunitrazepam Devazepide* Diazepam Diclazepam Difludiazepam Doxefazepam Elfazepam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Flubromazepam Fletazepam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Iclazepam Irazepine* Kenazepine Ketazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Lufuradom* Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitemazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Proflazepam Quazepam QH-II-66 Reclazepam RO4491533* Ro05-4082 Ro5-4864* Ro07-5220 Ro07-9749 Ro20-8065 Ro20-8552 SH-I-048A Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tifluadom* Timelotem* Tolufazepam Triflunordazepam Tuclazepam Uldazepam
1,5-Benzodiazepines	Arfendazam Clobazam CP-1414S Lofendazam Triflubazam
2,3-Benzodiazepines*	Girisopam GYKI-52466 GYKI-52895 Nerisopam Talampanel Tofisopam
Triazolobenzodiazepines	Adinazolam Alprazolam Balovaptan* Bromazolam Clonazolam Estazolam Fluadinazolam Flualprazolam Flubromazolam Flunitrazolam Nitrazolam Phenazolam Pyrazolam Rilmazolam (active metabolite of Rilmazafone) Triazolam
Imidazobenzodiazepines	Bretazenil Climazolam EVT-201 FG-8205 Flumazenil GL-II-73 Imidazenil ¹²³I-Iomazenil L-655,708 Loprazolam Midazolam PWZ-029 Remimazolam Ro15-4513 Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 Ro4938581 Sarmazenil SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
Oxazolobenzodiazepines	Cloxazolam Flutazolam Haloxazolam Mexazolam Oxazolam
Thienodiazepines	Bentazepam Clotiazepam Ro09-9212
Thienotriazolodiazepines	α-Hydroxyetizolam Apafant* Brotizolam Ciclotizolam Clotizolam Deschloroclotizolam Deschloroetizolam Etizolam Flubrotizolam Fluclotizolam Fluetizolam Israpafant* JQ1* Metizolam
Thienobenzodiazepines*	Olanzapine Telenzepine
Pyridodiazepines	Lopirazepam
Pyridotriazolodiazepines	Zapizolam
Pyrazolodiazepines	Razobazam* Ripazepam Zolazepam Zomebazam Zometapine*
Pyrrolodiazepines	Premazepam
Tetrahydroisoquinobenzodiazepines	Clazolam
Pyrrolobenzodiazepines*	Anthramycin
Benzodiazepine prodrugs	Alprazolam triazolobenzophenone Avizafone Rilmazafone
* atypical activity profile (not GABA_A receptor ligands)

Hypnotics/sedatives (N05C)

GABA_A

Alcohols	2M2B Chloralodol Ethanol (alcohol) Diethylpropanediol Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Trichloroethanol
Barbiturates	Allobarbital Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbital Butabarbital Butobarbital Cyclobarbital Ethallobarbital Heptabarb Hexobarbital Mephobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Propylbarbital Proxibarbal Reposal Secobarbital Talbutal Thiamylal Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Vinbarbital Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines	Brotizolam Cinolazepam Climazolam Clonazolam Doxefazepam Estazolam Flubromazolam Flunitrazolam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Loprazolam Lormetazepam Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitemazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazolam Quazepam Temazepam Triazolam
Carbamates	Carisoprodol Emylcamate Ethinamate Hexapropymate Meprobamate Methocarbamol Phenprobamate Procymate Tybamate
Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate
Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Capuride Carbromal Ectylurea
Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone Alphadolone Alphaxolone Eltanolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Progesterone
Nonbenzodiazepines	Eszopiclone Indiplon Lirequinil Necopidem Pazinaclone Saripidem Suproclone Suriclone Zaleplon Zolpidem Zopiclone
Phenols	Propofol
Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Pyrithyldione Piperidione
Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164
Others	Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Bromide compounds Lithium bromide Potassium bromide Sodium bromide Centalun Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloralose Clomethiazole Dichloralphenazone Gaboxadol Kavalactones Loreclezole Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sulfonylalkanes Sulfonmethane (sulfonal) Tetronal Trional Triclofos Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic acid

GABA_B

H₁

Antihistamines	Captodiame Cyproheptadine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Methapyrilene Perlapine Pheniramine Promethazine Propiomazine
Antidepressants	Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors Etoperidone Nefazodone Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.

α₂-Adrenergic

5-HT_2A

Antidepressants	Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.
Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.
Others	Niaprazine

Melatonin

Orexin

α₂δ VDCC

Others

v t e GABA_A receptor positive modulators
Alcohols	Brometone Butanol Chloralodol Chlorobutanol (cloretone) Ethanol (alcohol) (alcoholic drink) Ethchlorvynol Isobutanol Isopropanol Menthol Methanol Methylpentynol Pentanol Petrichloral Propanol tert-Butanol (2M2P) tert-Pentanol (2M2B) Tribromoethanol Trichloroethanol Triclofos Trifluoroethanol
Barbiturates	(-)-DMBB Allobarbital Alphenal Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbexaclone Barbital Benzobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Brallobarbital Brophebarbital Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital Butalbital Buthalital Butobarbital Butallylonal Carbubarb Crotylbarbital Cyclobarbital Cyclopentobarbital Difebarbamate Enallylpropymal Ethallobarbital Eterobarb Febarbamate Heptabarb Heptobarbital Hexethal Hexobarbital Metharbital Methitural Methohexital Methylphenobarbital Narcobarbital Nealbarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Phetharbital Primidone Probarbital Propallylonal Propylbarbital Proxibarbital Reposal Secobarbital Sigmodal Spirobarbital Talbutal Tetrabamate Tetrabarbital Thialbarbital Thiamylal Thiobarbital Thiobutabarbital Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Valofane Vinbarbital Vinylbital
Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Adinazolam Alprazolam Arfendazam Avizafone Bentazepam Bretazenil Bromazepam Bromazolam Brotizolam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Ciclotizolam Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clazolam Climazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clonazolam Cloniprazepam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam CP-1414S Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Diazepam Diclazepam Dimdazenil Doxefazepam Elfazepam Estazolam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam FG-8205 Fletazepam Flubromazepam Flubromazolam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flunitrazolam Flurazepam Flutazolam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Haloxazolam Iclazepam Imidazenil Irazepine Ketazolam Lofendazam Lopirazepam Loprazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Mexazolam Midazolam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nitrazolam Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Oxazolam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Premazepam Proflazepam Pyrazolam QH-II-66 Quazepam Reclazepam Remimazolam Rilmazafone Ripazepam Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 SH-053-R-CH3-2′F Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tolufazepam Triazolam Triflubazam Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904) Tuclazepam Uldazepam Zapizolam Zolazepam Zomebazam
Carbamates	Carisbamate Carisoprodol Clocental Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Emylcamate Ethinamate Febarbamate Felbamate Hexapropymate Hydroxyphenamate Lorbamate Mebutamate Meprobamate Nisobamate Pentabamate Phenprobamate Procymate Styramate Tetrabamate Tybamate
Flavonoids	6-Methylapigenin Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) Apigenin Baicalein Baicalin Catechin EGC EGCG Hispidulin Linarin Luteolin Rc-OMe Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin) Wogonin
Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate
Kava constituents	10-Methoxyyangonin 11-Methoxyyangonin 11-Hydroxyyangonin Desmethoxyyangonin 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain 7,8-Dihydroyangonin Kavain 5-Hydroxykavain 5,6-Dihydroyangonin 7,8-Dihydrokavain 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin 5,6-Dehydromethysticin Methysticin 7,8-Dihydromethysticin Yangonin
Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Carbromal Capuride Ectylurea
Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone (brexanolone) Alfadolone Alfaxalone 3α-Androstanediol Androstenol Androsterone Certain anabolic-androgenic steroids Cholesterol DHDOC 3α-DHP 5α-DHP 5β-DHP DHT Etiocholanolone Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone ORG-20599 ORG-21465 P1-185 Posovolone Pregnanolone (eltanolone) Progesterone Renanolone SAGE-105 SAGE-324 SAGE-516 SAGE-689 SAGE-872 Testosterone THDOC Zuranolone
Nonbenzodiazepines	Cyclopyrrolones: Eszopiclone Pagoclone Pazinaclone Suproclone Suriclone Zopiclone Imidazopyridines: Alpidem DS-1 Necopidem Saripidem Zolpidem Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon Fasiplon Indiplon Lorediplon Ocinaplon Panadiplon Taniplon Zaleplon Others: Adipiplon CGS-8216 CGS-9896 CGS-13767 CGS-20625 CL-218,872 CP-615,003 CTP-354 ELB-139 GBLD-345 Imepitoin JM-1232 L-838,417 Lirequinil (Ro41-3696) NS-2664 NS-2710 NS-11394 Pipequaline ROD-188 RWJ-51204 SB-205,384 SX-3228 TGSC01AA TP-003 TPA-023 TP-13 U-89843A U-90042 Viqualine Y-23684
Phenols	Fospropofol Propofol Thymol
Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione
Pyrazolopyridines	Cartazolate Etazolate ICI-190,622 Tracazolate
Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164
Volatiles/gases	Acetone Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Aliflurane Benzene Butane Butylene Centalun Chloral Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloroform Cryofluorane Desflurane Dichloralphenazone Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethyl chloride Ethylene Fluroxene Gasoline Halopropane Halothane Isoflurane Kerosine Methoxyflurane Methoxypropane Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Norflurane Paraldehyde Propane Propylene Roflurane Sevoflurane Synthane Teflurane Toluene Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) Trichloroethylene Vinyl ether
Others/unsorted	3-Hydroxybutanal α-EMTBL AA-29504 Alogabat Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin) Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole Darigabat DEABL Deuterated etifoxine Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)) DS2 Efavirenz Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Hopantenic acid KRM-II-81 Lanthanum Lavender oil Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol) Loreclezole Menthyl isovalerate (validolum) Monastrol Niacin Niacinamide Org 25,435 Phenytoin Propanidid Retigabine (ezogabine) Safranal Seproxetine Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional) Terpenoids (e.g., borneol) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol) Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators: α-Pinene MRK-409 (MK-0343) TCS-1105 TCS-1205
See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • GABA receptor modulators • GABA metabolism/transport modulators