Fleet Marston is a civil parish and deserted medieval village in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England, about 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of the centre of Aylesbury. The parish measures about 2.5 miles (4 km) north – south, but east – west it is nowhere more than about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) wide. It is bounded to the southeast by the River Thame, to the east by a stream that joins the Thame, and to the west by field boundaries. It has an area of 934 acres (378 ha).[1]
In 2022 HS2 archaeologists discovered a Roman cemetery, and exhumed about 425 bodies including 40 decapitated skeletons. 1,200 coins were also discovered.[3][4]
Archaeology
The course of the former Akeman StreetRoman road passes northwest – southeast through the parish. A "heavy scatter of Roman pottery" has been found in the parish on the course of the former road, indicating the site of a former Romano-British settlement.[5]
Excavations carried out between 2007 and 2016 uncovered evidence for a late prehistoric territorial boundary, a middle Iron Age settlement and the agricultural hinterland of the putative nucleated Roman settlement of Fleet Marston.[6] The latter included a "remarkable collection" of organic finds, included four hen's eggs (one of which survived excavation intact), leather shoes, wooden tools and a basketry tray made of woven oak bands and willow rods, in addition to evidence of malting and brewing, other roadside trades and crafts, burials and a possible pyre site.[7][8]
HS2 excavations, 2022
In 2022 a large Roman cemetery was discovered by the HS2 archaeologists, who exhumed about 425 bodies including 40 decapitated skeletons. The bodies may have been ‘criminals’ or ‘outcasts’. 1,200 coins were also discovered.[3][4]
Toponym
The toponym "Marston" is derived from the Old English for "marsh farm". The prefix "Fleet" refers to the stream along eastern side of the parish,[9] and was added to distinguish the village from nearby North Marston. The Domesday Book of 1086 records the village as Mersetone.[1] In the 13th century the village name was recorded as Flettemerstone.[1]
The oldest parts of St Mary's parish church are 12th-century.[10] There are records of parish rectors from 1223 onwards.[1] The baptismal font may be 13th-century and the present chancel arch and north porch were added in the 14th century.[1] One of the windows is 15th-century.[10]
Some buildings in the village, including Fleet Marston Farm, are 17th-century.[1] The manor house referred to below stood near the church, and was demolished in 1772.[1] In 1806 Daniel and Samuel Lysons described Fleet Marston in their Magna Britannia:
FLEET-MARSTON, in the hundred of Ashendon and deanery of Waddesdon, lies about three miles from Aylesbury, on the road to Bicester. The manor, which was for many years in the Lees, has been lately purchased of their representative, Lord Dillon, by James Dupré esq. of Wilton Park. The advowson of the rectory being then the property of John Tirrel-Morin esq. was advertised for sale in the month of May 1805.[9]
By 1851 the parish was in decline. The religious census of 1851 recorded its population as 30, with just eight attending church on Sunday 30 March.[13] By 1871 the population had fallen to 23, living in five houses.[14]
Little remains of the village today. In the south of the parish is the farm at Putlowes and Putlowes Cottages just to the southwest of the A41 road. In the centre of the parish, just northeast of the A41 are some smaller farms and St Mary's church. In the north of the parish are Fleet Marston Farm, Fleet Marston Cottages and Lower Fleetmarston Farm. The latter can be reached only via Berryfields Road in adjoining Quarrendon parish (another deserted village).
Waddesdon station was closed in 1936. British Railways withdrew passenger services in 1963 and later reduced the line to single track.
However, in 2011 Chiltern Railways opened Aylesbury Vale Parkway railway station where the line crosses the A41 road, just outside the eastern boundary of the parish. The station has an hourly service to London Marylebone via Aylesbury.
^Biddulph, Edward; Brady, Kate; Simmonds, Andrew; Foreman, Stuart (2019). Berryfields: Iron Age Settlement and a Roman Bridge, Field System and Settlement along Akeman Street near Fleet Marston, Buckinghamshire. Vol. 30. Oxford Archaeology. ISBN9780904220858. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)