February 1973

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February 12, 1973: First repatriation of Vietnam prisoners of war begins (pictured, U.S. POWs Captain Jeremiah Denton and Captain James Mulligan, released after more than six years captivity)
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February 28, 1973: Liam Cosgrave leads upset over Jack Lynch's Fianna Fáil party in elections requested by Lynch

The following events occurred in February 1973:

February 1, 1973 (Thursday)

  • The "bantustan" of Venda, located in northeast South Africa near the border with Rhodesia, became the fifth of the "homelands" set for the white-ruled nation's black residents, with limited self-government. Plans for eventual separation as a nominally independent nation separate from South Africa would be made effective on September 13, 1979. Patrick Mphephu was named the Chief Minister of Venda.[1]
  • North Vietnam's government provided the names of only seven of the 319 Americans who had been listed by the U.S. as having been captured in Laos. There were 308 U.S. servicemen and four civilians who had been listed as missing in action or as prisoners of war.[2]
  • The United Kingdom's five Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, commonly called the "Law Lords" and serving as Britain's highest court, ruled 4 to 1 that private clubs in the UK could continue to refuse memberships on the grounds of race, reversing a decision by a lower court. The court ruling declared that the Race Relations Act 1968 did not apply to private clubs because the clubs did not provides goods or services to the general public, and that "a refusal to elect to membership on the ground of colour would not be unlawful." [3]
  • Jean Poiret's farce La Cage aux Folles, was premièred at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
  • Metropolitan State University, established in St. Paul, Minnesota, as a night school college for working adults, had its first graduates, a class of 12 of the 50 students admitted in 1972.
  • The United States First Fleet was inactived by the U.S. Navy and its duties and equipment were transferred to the United States Third Fleet.
  • The Ekin Airbuggy, a single-seat autogyro powered by a Volkswagen 75 horsepower engine, made its first flight. Although the "flying motorcycle" would not become operational, the Airbuggy would go on sale in December 1975.[4]
  • Joseph Lyles, 17, became the 28th victim of serial killer Dean Corll, whom he had befriended after being introduced by a 17-year-old neighbor, David Owen Brooks.[5] The remains of Lyles, buried on a beach in Jefferson County, Texas, would not be located until more than 10 years later, and would not be identified until 2009.[6][7][8]
  • Born: Abu Saleh al-Afri, Iraqi terrorist who was the later the financier for the ISIS, the "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria" group; as Muwaffaq Mustafa Mohammed al-Karmoush in Iraq (killed in U.S. airstrike, 2015)

February 2, 1973 (Friday)

February 3, 1973 (Saturday)

  • Six people were shot to death and more wounded in two shootings by the Ulster Defense Association and by the British Army that happened within a few hours of each other in the predominantly-Catholic New Lodge neighborhood of Belfast in Northern Ireland.[19] Three of the dead were Irish Republican Army members, while another three were civilians who happened to be in the group fired upon.[20]
  • "Crocodile Rock", a song about a dance that never actually existed, reached the top of the U.S. charts, giving Elton John his first U.S. number-one single.[21]
  • A Scottish Cup tie at Glebe Park, Brechin, gave the stadium its highest ever attendance, greater than the total population of the town of Brechin.[22]
  • Born: Ilana Sod, Mexican newscaster; in Mexico City

February 4, 1973 (Sunday)

  • The U.S. comic strip Hägar the Horrible, which would become popular worldwide, made its debut as a Sunday feature,[23] with a daily version bowing in even more newspapers on Monday, February 5. [24] Created by cartoonist Dik Browne, who also worked on Hi and Lois, the strip about a medieval viking and his family was introduced by King Features Syndicate.
  • The first round of voting took place in the elections for the 18-member Conseil national in the principality of Monaco. The ruling Union Nationale et Démocratique (UND) won 16 seats, but for the first time since being created in 1962, did not control the entire parliament. The other two seats were won by Charles Soccal of the Democratic Union Movement for one of the 13 races decided in the first round), and Jean-Eugène Lorenzi the Monegasque Action party who won the runoff election against UND's Edmond Laforest de Minotty by 47 votes.[25][26]
  • An avalanche in Austria killed 10 members of a Bavarian skiing club, after sweeping down the side of Kirchspitze mountain in the Zillertal Alps near Innsbruck. The 36-member group was from Bad Aibling in West Germany and 24 were buried.[27][28]
  • The 1976 Winter Olympics were awarded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to the Austrian city of Innsbruck after the U.S. city of Denver had become the first Olympic site to turn down an award to host the Games. Innsbruck finished ahead of Lake Placid, New York in the U.S., Chamonix in France, and Tampere in Finland.[29]
  • Former Tunisian Finance Minister and Minister for Planning Ahmed Ben Salah, who had been jailed since 1970 after being convicted of treason, financial irregularities, falsification of statistics and "lack of trust in the head of state", was able to escape from prison in Tunis and fled to freedom in neighboring Algeria.
  • The U.S. television news show 60 Minutes aired a segment, "The Selling of Colonel Herbert", which led to the CBS network being sued for libel by U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel) Anthony Herbert. The lawsuit would lead to a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in 1979 in Herbert v. Lando, which rejected a claim of First Amendment protection against discovery requests of the editorial process. Herbert would end up losing his lawsuit in 1986.

February 5, 1973 (Monday)

  • The People's Republic of China and Japan agreed to reestablish diplomatic relations.[18] By agreement between the two nations, Chen Chu, the Deputy Representative of China to the United Nations, was named ambassador to Tokyo and Heishiro Ogawa Japan's emissary to Tokyo.[30]
  • "Riding a wave of popularity," [31] the Republic of Ireland's Prime Minister (Taoiseach) Jack Lynch asked President Éamon de Valera to dissolve Parliament and to order a national election for the 144-seat Dáil Éireann, to be held on February 28. Lynch had set as a goal the strengthening of his government's position in bargaining with the UK on the future of Northern Ireland. The move would backfire.
  • The Army of the Kingdom of Laos halted Operation Maharat II against the Communist Pathet Lao guerrillas after five weeks.
  • A U.S. Air Force spy plane was shot down over Laos one week after the Paris Peace Accords had officially ended the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.[32] All eight crew of the EC-47 airplane were listed as killed, though the remains of only four crewmen would be located and their classification would later be changed to missing in action (MIA).[33]
  • In Fairfield, California, a trial judge sentenced serial killer Juan Corona to 25 life sentences, one for each of the 25 men whom he had been convicted of murdering. Superior Judge Richard Patton added that the life sentences would "be served consecutively and not concurrently." Corona had been convicted of the crimes on January 18.[34] Despite the sentence, California Adult Authority ruled the next day that Corona would be eligible for parole after only seven years rather than 175 years (7 years for each of the 25 life sentences) and that the consecutive sentences would be merged to run concurrently. An official commented, "Corona can serve only one life." [35] Corona would spend the rest of his life in prison, dying at age 85 in 2019.
  • U.S. Army Colonel William B. Nolde, the last American serviceman to die in the Vietnam War, was buried with full honors at Arlington National Cemetery. Afterward, Nolde's widow and their five children met with U.S. President Nixon at the White House, where he told the children, "Your father gave his life so that you may live in a generation without war." Nolde had been killed ten hours before the January 28 ceasefire went into effect.[36]
  • The Australian version of The Price Is Right premiered on Network 10 (called, at the time, the 0-10 Network), five months after the re-imagined version by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman had made its debut in the U.S. The Australian version was initially hosted by Garry Meadows and produced by the Reg Grundy Organisation.
  • The rock band Queen recorded the first four tracks of their album At the Beeb.
  • The Portuguese volleyball team Castêlo da Maia Ginásio Clube, which would later win multiple men's and women's national championships, was founded.
  • Born:
  • Died: Pete Morrison, 82, American film actor and star of numerous westerns, including the lead role of Santa Fe Peete.

February 6, 1973 (Tuesday)

  • At least 2,175 people died in Sichuan Province, China after a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck near the town of Zhaggo.[37][38]
  • Operation End Sweep, the clearing of explosive mines from North Vietnam's Haiphong harbor, was commenced by four minesweepers of the United States Navy's Task Force 78 in accordance with the Paris Peace Accords.[39] After 30 days, the U.S. Department of Defense announced that the minesweepers had "neither detonated nor recovered any of the several thousand mines" in North Vietnam's harbors.[40]
  • A 14-year-old student set fire to the Edouard-Pailleron School in Paris, killing 16 children and four teachers.[41]
  • Seven children were killed near Fieldton, Texas, and 16 others and the bus driver were injured when the driver took the school bus into the path of an oncoming train while taking the students to school in Littlefield.[42][43]
  • In Toronto, construction of the CN Tower began with the financing of Canadian National, the nation's largest railway.[44] The 1,815 feet (553 m) concrete communications and observation tower would be completed on April 2, 1975, and opene on June 26, 1976.[45]
Kirk and a Maori friend at the '73 Waitangi Day celebration
  • New Zealand's Prime Minister Norman Kirk symbolically reached out for a partnership with the nation's Māori people in a celebration of Waitangi Day, the New Zealand's independence day.
  • Born:
    • Deng Yaping, Chinese table tennis player, winner of the men's singles world championship in 1991, 1995, and 1997, Olympic gold medalist in 1992 and 1996, and 1996 World Cup champion; in Zhengzhou, Henan province
    • Claudette Schreuders, South African sculptor; in Pretoria
  • Died: Timacadde, 52, (pen name for Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed), Somali poet laureate, from throat cancer

February 7, 1973 (Wednesday)

  • The United States Senate voted unanimously, 77–0, to approve U.S. Senate Resolution 60 and establish a select bipartisan committee to investigate the Watergate scandal.[46]
  • All but one of the 22-member crew of the Nisshin Maru No.8, a Japanese steel fishing vessel, died when the ship hit the Pedra Branca rock off Tasmania and sank within a few minutes. The lone survivor, engineer Yoshiichi Meguro, manages to clamber onto the rocks. He was rescued by a fishing vessel.
  • Eleven people were killed in the crash of a U.S. Navy jet into the Tahoe Apartments in Alameda, California, including the pilot, and 40 were injured. The explosion and fire at 8:26 in the evening destroyed two four-story apartment buildings at 1825 Central Avenue, where about 200 tenants, mostly young couples, lived.[47] The A-7E Corsair II jet caught fire at an altitude of 28,000 feet (8,500 m) while flying of San Francisco Bay during a training flight after taking off from Lemoore Naval Air Station.[48]
  • Poisonous fumes from an underground mine fire killed 26 miners at the East Driefontein Gold Mining Company in South Africa. The victims were all black workers from the neighboring nation of Malawi.[49]
  • The West German news magazine Stern exposed the identity of "M", the director of the British spy agency MI-6, as Sir John Ogilvy Rennie.[50]
  • In the UK, the RTV31 Tracked Hovercraft high-speed train was successfully tested for the first time. The project was canceled a week later.[51]
  • The Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union approved a recommendation by KGB Director Yuri Andropov to allocate $100,000 in U.S. currency to influence the March 4 parliamentary elections in Chile.[52]
  • The Oshima Shipbuilding company was founded in Nagasaki, Japan.
  • A heat wave affects large parts of New Zealand, with several places in Canterbury and Marlborough recording temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F). Rangiora sets a new national record, reaching 42.4 °C (108.3 °F).[53]
  • Born: Angel Aquino, Philippine TV actress; in Laoang, Northern Samar
  • Died: Nikola Martinoski, 69, Yugoslav Macedonian painter

February 8, 1973 (Thursday)

  • The Church of Denmark (officially the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Denmark) became the first Christian body to recognize gay marriage, when Pastor Harald Søbye performed a wedding of two men. Søbye followed on February 25 with the televised wedding of a lesbian couple. Neither marriage was given legal recognition by the Kingdom of Denmark.
  • U.S. Senator Sam Ervin of South Carolina was named Chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee, a bipartisan committee to investigate the Watergate scandal.[54]
  • The comet 64P/Swift–Gehrels was rediscovered after having last been seen by astronomers in 1889, when observed by Tom Gehrels from the Palomar Observatory in California.[55]
  • Born: Francisco "Paco" Plaza, Spanish filmmaker known for the REC horror film series; in Valencia
  • Died:

February 9, 1973 (Friday)

  • The United Kingdom and France established diplomatic relations with East Germany, leaving the U.S. as the only nation to refuse to give the Communist nation recognition.[56]
  • The first convention of the National Women's Political Caucus began in Houston, ending on February 11. The co-founders of the NWPC— Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem and U.S. representatives Bella Abzug and Shirley Chisholm— stepped aside and asked the 1,000 delegates to elect new leaders of the organization. Chisholm said, "We don't need any more of the superstar syndrome. I am sure that Betty, Gloria and Bella are as sick of seeing their faces as I am of seeing mine," while Steinem told the audience, "We beg you to take over. We must at last make the structure go from the bottom up, rather than the top down.[57] The next day, the delegates voted 264 4/5 to 264 1/5 to admit men to the NWPC on a non-voting basis, with local and state caucuses to decide whether to extend voting rights.[58]
  • In Pakistan, government agents raided Iraq's embassy in Islamabad, bypassing diplomatic immunity.[59] The move came after the Intelligence Bureau (IB) intercepted communications that showed that Iraq was supplying weapons and funding to militants waging war against the Pakistan Army in the Balochistan province.
  • Soviet Russian serial killer Anatoly Utkin was apprehended by police in Ulyanovsk after killing the cashier of a textiles factory in a robbery attempt, then setting fire to the building but leaving behind a bucket with his name stamped on it. Utkin would be convicted of having committed nine murders between 1968 and 1973, and executed on September 12, 1975.
  • In Westchester, California, a suburb of Los Angeles, the merger of the all-male Loyola University and the all-women Marymount College was announced by both institutions, with Loyola Marymount University to come into existence on July 1, 1973.[60]
  • Born: Svetlana Boginskaya, Belarusian gymnast; in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union
  • Died: Max Yasgur, 53, American dairy farmer who allowed his upstate New York farm to be the side of the Woodstock Festival, died of a heart attack.[61]

February 10, 1973 (Saturday)

February 11, 1973 (Sunday)

February 12, 1973 (Monday)

Lt. Commander Alvarez, released after more than eight years as a POW
  • Operation Homecoming, the release of prisoners of war (POWs) in the Vietnam War, began as three U.S. Air Force C-141 medical transports landed at the Gia Lam Airport in Hanoi in North Vietnam to pick up American POWs.[76] The Viet Cong released another 27 American military and civilian prisoners who had been held captive in "jungle prisons" in VC-controlled areas of South Vietnam. At the same time, a North Vietnamese Air Force C-9A transport was allowed to land in Saigon in South Vietnam, to pick up North Vietnamese and Viet Cong prisoners. The three aircraft brought 116 POWs to Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines on the first day of the operation. U.S. Navy Captain Jeremiah Denton was appointed by his fellow prisoners to be the first of 41 prisoners to step off of the first C-141 to land, followed by U.S. Navy Lt. Commander Everett Alvarez Jr., who had been the first American POW captured in North Vietnam, and who had been incarcerated since August 5, 1964.[77] From February 12 to April 4, there were 54 C-141 missions flying out of Hanoi, bringing 591 released prisoners of war back to the U.S.
  • Ohio became the first U.S. state to use the metric system, with an experiment to post distances on road signs on Interstate 71 in both miles and kilometers.[78]
  • Uruguay's President Juan María Bordaberry, elected in 1972 as a civilian candidate, turned authority over to the commanders of the South American nation's Army and Air Force under the rule of the Consejo de Seguridad Nacional, for which he was the nominal chairman.[79]
  • The United States dollar was devalued by 10%, marking the second time in 14 months that the official worth of the dollar, in relation to other major currencies of the world, was reduced. Specifically, U.S. President Nixon asked Congress to approve the official price of an ounce of gold from $38.00 to $42.22 (or changing the value of US$100 from 2.63 ounces of gold to 2.36 ounces of gold). On December 18, 1971, the worth of the dollar had been devalued by 8.57 percent.[80]
  • Born:
  • Died: Benjamin Frankel, 67, British composer[81]

February 13, 1973 (Tuesday)

February 14, 1973 (Wednesday)

February 15, 1973 (Thursday)

  • The United States and Cuba signed an agreement to prevent the further hijacking of U.S. airplanes to Cuba, in simultaneous ceremonies in Washington and in Havana. Under the agreement, Cuba agreed to extradite hijackers back to the U.S., while the U.S. agreed that a Cuban who escaped to the U.S. without endangering people on a ship or a plane would be prosecuted for illegal entry, though not returned to Cuba. Cuban hijackers who did endanger people in the course of an escape to the U.S. would be returned to Cuba.[88]
  • The first group of American prisoners of war freed from North Vietnam arrived in the United States, landing at Kelly Air Force Base at San Antonio, Texas, where crowds were limited to the freed POWs' families.
  • The German think tank organization for urban development, das Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik, was founded in West Berlin
  • Born:
Wally Cox

February 16, 1973 (Friday)

February 17, 1973 (Saturday)

February 18, 1973 (Sunday)

  • The Galápagos Islands were declared to be a 20th province of Ecuador by decree of President Guillermo Rodríguez Lara.
  • Grave robbers stole the body of French Army Marshal Philippe Pétain, a World War One hero who turned traitor in World War Two to command the government of Vichy France, the German Nazi occupied puppet state.[93] Petain had been buried in a tomb on the island of Île d'Yeu since his death in 1951. Petain's coffin was found on February 21 in Paris and five men were arrested for the theft, including François Boux de Casson, who had been Petain's minister of information, and Hubert Massol, who took credit for the operation, with the goal of having Pétain reburied at the war cemetery in Verdun.[94]
  • The King Biscuit Flower Hour, a syndicated Sunday night radio program sponsored by the King Biscuit Flour Company and featuring rock band performances, premiered and would last until 2005.
  • The scheduled election for Cyprus did not take place because the candidates were unopposed. On February 8, the deadline for filing expired at noon with no candidate running against the incumbent president, Archbishop Makarios III (Michael Christodoulou Mouskos), a Greek Cypriot, and he was re-elected by default.[95] Rauf Denktaş, a Turkish Cypriot, was unopposed and became the new vice president.[96]
  • Died:

February 19, 1973 (Monday)

  • The crash of Aeroflot Flight 141 and a subsequent fire killed 62 passengers and four crew out of the 100 people on board.[99] The Tupolev Tu-154 was approaching Prague at the end of a flight from Moscow, and crashed one mile (1.5 km) short of the runway.[100] Of the 34 survivors, 18 were seriously injured.
  • The Manned Space Center in Houston, which coordinated all U.S. manned space missions, was renamed the Johnson Space Center (JSC) as U.S. President Nixon signed a Senate resolution into law. The change of name came four weeks after the death of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had lobbied for creation of the NASA while leader of the U.S. Senate.
Federal judge and federal convict Kerner

February 20, 1973 (Tuesday)

Seagren
  • The first Superstars competition, a made-for-TV program produced for broadcast on the ABC network on February 25, was won by pole-vaulter Bob Seagren after two days of competition in Rotonda West, Florida, who finished in first place and won $39,700 (equivalent to $265,000 fifty years later).[103] The show was conceived by TV producer and former Olympic champion figure skater Dick Button and followed a format of having 10 events, and 10 well-known athletes competing in nine events outside their specialty. Seagren finished in first place in weightlifting, baseball-hitting, a half-mile run and a one-mile bike race, while skier Jean-Claude Killy came in second with $23,400. Other athletes were race car driver Peter Revson, Rod Laver of tennis, baseball's Johnny Bench, basketball's Elvin Hayes, hockey's Rod Gilbert, bowler Jim Stefanich, football's Johnny Unitas and boxer Joe Frazier.[104]
  • Journalist Peter Niesewand was arrested in Salisbury in Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) after criticizing the government of Prime Minister Ian Smith. After 73 days in solitary confinement, he was released and deported to the United Kingdom.
  • Two Pakistanis were shot dead by police in London after being found inside the Indian High Commission carrying pistols. The guns were later established to have been fake.
  • Born: Claudiu Târziu, Romanian right-wing politician; in Bacău
  • Died:

February 21, 1973 (Wednesday)

Artist's Rendition of Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
  • All but five of the 113 people aboard Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 were killed when the Boeing 727 was shot down by Israeli fighter aircraft after straying over the Sinai Desert during its flight from Benghazi in Libya to Cairo in Egypt.[105] The flight had been cleared for a landing in Cairo but, because of a sandstorm, was off course and descended toward the Suez Canal in the Israeli-occupied Egyptian peninsula. The pilots of the two intercepting F-4 Phantom II fighters shot bursts of 20mm gunfire and damaged the airliner's controls. The only survivors were four of the 104 passengers, and Flight 114's co-pilot.[106]
  • The Vientiane Treaty was signed between the government of the Kingdom of Laos and the communist Pathet Lao, bringing a cease-fire in the Laotian Civil War effective at noon on February 22, in return for the creation of a new coalition government and joint patrol of the cities of Laos.[107] The Pathet Lao would take over control of Laos in 1975, bringing an end to the coalition government, the monarchy, and the treaty.
  • An estimated 3,000 students barricaded themselves inside the buildings of the law school of the University of Athens, demanding repeal of a law that imposed forcible conscription.[108][109]
  • Died:
    • Swami Rudrananda, 45, American Buddhist spiritual teacher who was born into a Jewish family as Albert Rudolph, died in the crash of a small plane in New York's Catskill Mountains.[110]
    • Salah Busir, 47, Libya's Minister of Information since 1970, and its Foreign Minister from 1969 to 1970, was killed in the crash of Libyan Airlines Flight 114.

February 22, 1973 (Thursday)

February 23, 1973 (Friday)

February 24, 1973 (Saturday)

February 25, 1973 (Sunday)

February 26, 1973 (Monday)

February 27, 1973 (Tuesday)

February 28, 1973 (Wednesday)

References

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  2. ^ "Hanoi Lists Only 7 POWs Held in Laos; Fate of 308 in Doubt", Los Angeles Times, February 2, 1973, p. I-1
  3. ^ "British Court Upholds Clubs' Racial Bars", Los Angeles Times, February 2, 1973, p. I-12
  4. ^ "English sale of new gyroplane", Flight International magazine, December 11, 1975, p. 852
  5. ^ David Hanna, Harvest of Horror: Mass Murder in Houston (Belmont Tower, 1975) p. 30
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  36. ^ "Last Pre-Truce U.S. Casualty Laid to Rest", Los Angeles Times, February 6, 1973, p. I-6
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  43. ^ "Bus Driver Unlicensed, Crash Inquiry Finds", Los Angeles Times, February 8, 1973, p. I-2
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  53. ^ Wright, Michael (2023-12-26). "NZ's hottest day ever: Melted roads, workers striked and it killed 26,000 chickens". Stuff. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
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  55. ^ "64P/Swift–Gehrels", in Gary W. Kronk's Cometogaphy
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