Family tree of Roman emperors

This is a family tree of Roman emperors, showing only the relationships between the emperors.

27 BC –192 AD

See also: Julio-Claudian family tree, Flavian family tree, and Nerva–Antonine family tree

The emperors from Augustus to Commodus can be organised into one large family tree.

Julius Caesar
dictator perpetuo
100–44 BC		Julia Minor
died 51 BC		Marcus Atius Balbus
105–51 BC
Atia
85–43 BC		Gaius Octavius
c. 100–59 BC
Augustus
63 BC–14 AD[1]
r. 27 BC – 14 AD		Livia Drusilla
59 BC–29 AD		Tiberius Claudius Nero
c. 80–33 BC[2]		Octavia Minor
c. 66–11 BC		Mark Antony
triumvir
83–30 BC
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
63–12 BC[3]		Julia the Elder
39 BC–14 AD[4]		Tiberius
42 BC–37 AD
r. 14–37[4]		Drusus the Elder
38–9 BC[5]		Antonia Minor
36 BC–37 AD
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
d. 14		Julia the Younger
19 BC–28 AD[6]		Agrippina the Elder
14 BC–33 AD		Germanicus
16 BC–19 AD[7]		Claudius
10 BC–54 AD
r. 41–54[7]
Marcus TorquatusAemilia Lepida
4 BC–53 AD		Vespasian
9–79
r. 69–79		Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
7–67		Milonia Caesonia
6–41		Caligula
12–41
r. 37–41		Agrippina the Younger
15–59		Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
17 BC–40 AD		Drusus CaesarAemilia LepidaManius Aemilius Lepidus
Junia Calvina
15–79		Lucius Vitellius the Younger
16–69		Vitellius
15–69
r. 69		Domitian
51–96
r. 81–96		Domitia Longina
53–130		Galba
3 BC–69 AD
r. 68–69		Aemilia Lepida
UlpiaMarcus Ulpius Traianus
30–100		Marcia
33–100		Marcia FurnillaTitus
39–81
r. 79–81		Nerva
30–98
r. 96–98		CocceiaTitianusOtho
32–69
r. 69		Poppaea Sabina
30–65		Nero
37–68
r. 54–68
Publius Aelius Hadrianus AferTrajan
53–117
r. 98–117		Ulpia Marciana
48–112
Salonia Matidia
68–119
Hadrian
76–138
r. 117–138		Vibia Sabina
80–137		Rupilia Faustina
87–138
Marcus Annius VerusFaustina the Elder
100–141		Antoninus
86–161
r. 138–161
Marcus Aurelius
121–180
r. 161–180		Faustina the Younger
125–175
Commodus
161–192
r. 180–192		Lucilla
148–182		Lucius Verus
130–169
r. 161–169

192–235

See also: Severan dynasty family tree

The emperors from Pertinax to the beginning of the Crisis can be organised into one large dynasty (see Severan dynasty family tree), one smaller family and two unrelated emperors.

Pertinax
126–193
r. 192–193		Didius Julianus
133–193
r. 193
Septimius Severus
145–211
r. 193–211		Julia Domna
160–217		Julia Maesa
165–224		Macrinus
165–218
r. 217–218
Caracalla
188–217
r. 211–217		Geta
189–211
r. 211		Julia Soaemias
180–222		Julia Avita Mamaea
180–235		Diadumenian
208–218
r. 218
Elagabalus
203–222
r. 218–222		Severus Alexander
208–235
r. 222–235

235–284

See also: Gordian dynasty family tree

The emperors during the fifty-year period of the Crisis can be organised into eight families and six unrelated emperors, although no family held power for more than fifteen years.

Maximinus I
173–238
r. 235–238		Gordian I
159–238
r. 238–238		Pupienus
178–238
r. 238–238		Balbinus
165–238
r. 238–238
Gordian II
192–238
r. 238–238		Antonia Gordiana
b. 201		Philip
204–249
r. 244–249		Decius
201–251
r. 249–251		Gallus
206–253
r. 251–253
Aemilianus
210–253
r. 253–253		Gordian III
225–244
r. 238–244		Valerian
200–260
r. 253–260		Philip II
r. 247–249		Etruscus
227–251
r. 251–251		Hostilian
230–251
r. 251–251		Volusianus
d. 253
r. 251–253
Claudius II
213–270
r. 268–270		Quintillus
220–270
r. 270–270		Gallienus
218–268
r. 253–268		Aurelian
214–275
r. 270–275		Tacitus
200–276
r. 275–276		Florianus
d. 276
r. 276
Probus
232–282
r. 276–282		Carus
230–283
r. 282–283
Carinus
d. 285
r. 283–285		Numerian
d. 284
r. 283–284

284–518

See also: Simplified family tree of Tetrarchs, Constantinian dynasty family tree, Valentinianic dynasty family tree, and Theodosian dynasty family tree

The emperors from the founding of the Dominate in 284, in the West until 476 and in the East until 518, can be organised into one large dynasty plus various unrelated emperors. During most of this periods, though not always, there where two senior emperors ruling in separate courts. This division became permanent after the death of Theodosius I in 395.

  Western Roman Empire
  Eastern Roman Empire

Diocletian
244–311
r. 284–305		Prisca
d. 315
Afranius
Hannibalian		Eutropia
d. 325		Maximian
250–310
r. 286–305		ValeriaGalerius
260–311
r. 305–311		unknown sister
Severus II
r. 306–307		Maximiana
Theodora		Constantius I
250–306
r. 305–306		Julia Helena
250–330		Maxentius
278–312
r. 306–312		Valeria
Maximilla		Maximinus II
270–313
r. 311–313
Eutropia
d. 350		Julius
Constantius
d. 337		Licinius
c.265–325
r. 311–324		Constantia
293–330		Constantine I
272–337
r. 306–337		Fausta
289–326		Valerius Valens
r. 316–317		Martinian
r. 324
Nepotianus
r. 350		Julianus II
331–363
r. 361–363		Helena
d. 360		Constantine II
316–340
r. 337–340		Constantius II
317–361
r. 337–361		Constans I
323–350
r. 337–350		Magnentius
r. 350–353
Jovian
331–364
r. 363–364		Procopius
(cousin)
r. 365–366		Marina Severa
d. 375		Valentinian I
321–375
r. 364–375		Justina
d. 388		Valens
328–378
r. 364–378
Magnus Maximus
r. 383–388		Constantia
362–383		Gratian
359–383
r. 375–383		Aelia Flaccilla
d. 385		Theodosius I
347–395
r. 379–395		Galla
d. 394		Valentinian II
371–392
r. 388–392
Victor
c. r. 385–388		Eugenius
r. 392–394		Constantine III
r. 407–411		Priscus Attalus
r. 409		Honorius
384–423
r. 395–423		Arcadius
377–408
r. 395–408		Galla Placidia
392–450		Constantius III
r. 421
Constans II
r. 409–411		Marcian
396–457
r. 450–457		Pulcheria
399–453		Theodosius II
401–450
r. 408–450		Joannes
r. 423–424
unknown
brother		Leo I
401–474
r. 457–474		Verina
d. 484		Basiliscus
r. 475–476		EuphemiaAnthemius
420–472
r. 467–472		Petronius Maximus
397–455
r. 455		Licinia Eudoxia
422–462		Valentinian III
419–455
r. 425–455
Marcus
r. 475–476		Avitus
385–456
r. 455–456		Majorian
420–461
r. 457–461		Severus III
r. 461–465		Olybrius
r. 472		PlacidiaGlycerius
r. 473–474
niece of
Leo I		Julius Nepos
r. 474–475		Zeno
r. 474–475
r. 476–491		Ariadne
450–515		Anastasius I
430–518
r. 491–518		LeontiaMarcianusOrestes
c. 420–476
Leo II
467–474
r. 474		Romulus
c. 465–520?
r. 475–476

Later eastern emperors

Further information: Family tree of Byzantine emperors

References

Citations

  1. ^ Everitt 2007, pp. 9, 208, 313.
  2. ^ Everitt 2007, p. 125.
  3. ^ Everitt 2007, pp. xvi, xxi.
  4. ^ a b Everitt 2007, pp. xviii, xxiii.
  5. ^ Everitt 2007, pp. xviii, xxi.
  6. ^ Everitt 2007, pp. xxx, xxiii.
  7. ^ a b Everitt 2007, pp. xxi, xxiii.

Sources

  • Everitt, Anthony (2007). Augustus: the life of Rome's first emperor. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8129-7058-6.