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Eyamba V
Eyamba V (Edem Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo) popularly known as Johnny Young by his Liverpool friends and known to the Efik people as Eyamba V,[a] was the Obong of Old Calabar and the fifth Iyamba of Ekpe Efik Iboku.[1][4] His father was Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho also known as Eyamba III.[1] His mother was Edim Ekpenyong Ekpe Oku, a daughter of Ekpenyong Ekpe Oku also known as Eyamba II.[1] Succession as Iyamba VPaternally and maternally, Edem Ekpenyong as he was known at birth, came from a line of Iyamba title holders. His father was Iyamba III.[1] He was a grandson of Iyamba II and a grand-nephew to Essien Ekpe Oku who was Iyamba I.[6] The fourth Iyamba came from the Duke Ephraim line.[4] To consolidate their power, some Mbọñ of Calabar would obtain the Iyamba title to acquire traditional and political authority.[7][b] The acquisition of this title would enhance the authority of the elected Obong and would expedite their role as rulers. Although Edem Ekpenyong was maternally and paternally from a family of Iyamba title-holders, he still spent a lot of money in securing the eternal ownership of the Iyamba title for his family.[8] This action was similar to the actions of his great uncle Esien Ekpe (Iyamba I) who purchased the five lower Ekpe grades for his children and those yet unborn.[9][6] Edem Ekpenyong obtained the title of Eyamba by paying an entire town for it. As a result, the Eyamba house was allowed to retain the title perpetually. Thereafter, Edem Ekpenyong chose to bear the name "Eyamba V". According to Hope Waddell, Eyamba's power was consolidated after the acquisition of the Iyamba title.[8] Selection for KingshipAlthough not much is known regarding the details of his selection as the Obong of Old Calabar, Hope Waddell regarded Eyamba as 'a usurper... and by bribery and flattery gained the support of other chiefs and carried the election.'[10] Although Hope Waddell was not present at the time of Edem Ekpenyong's election, He may have obtained the information regarding Eyamba's ascension to the throne from Eyamba's detractors, some of whom he was unpopular with due to trade disagreements and those of whom lost the struggle for kingship with him.[11] Nair postulates that Eyamba may have been regarded as a usurper due to his elimination of people whom he regarded as potential threats to the longevity of his rule.[12] ReignEyamba V and the MissionariesThe abolition of the slave trade led to destabilization of commerce among the trading Chiefs and the supercargoes. Attempts were made to abandon the old practice of the slave trade and transition to other commercial ventures. Eyamba who was worried about the repercussions of the abolishment of the slave trade expressed his aspirations for Old Calabar to Commander Raymond. In a letter dated December 4, 1842, Eyamba stated:
The request for artillery showed Eyamba to be a military leader but the appeal for technocrats to aid in the establishment of Coffee and Sugar industries was ignored as the triangular trade was still being carried out discreetly. Oku postulates that the establishment of coffee and sugar industries would have seriously affected the imports from Liverpool as not much sugar or coffee would have been required from there.[14] Prior to the arrival of the missionaries at Calabar, Presbyterian missionaries evangelized to the former slaves in the West Indies. Newly Converted Christians in Jamaica were desirous of propagating the Christian gospel to Africa.[15] Their desire was made known to the Scottish mission who deliberated on the matter.[15] British traders gave accounts of the Calabar people's desire for Education and formal proposals were sent to King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Duke Town.[15] Prior to the middle of 1843, negotiations were nearly completed and after a meeting with Eyamba and other chiefs, it was decided that land would be offered to the missionaries between Duke Town and Henshaw Town.[15][16] An undertaking was made by King Eyamba V and other Chiefs to show their commitment towards missionary establishment in Old Calabar.[15][16] The missionaries finally left for Calabar in 1846.[17] There were six missionaries in the pioneering team which included Rev. Hope M. Waddell (Leader), Mr & Mrs Samuel Edgerly (Catechist & Printer), Mr Andrew Chisholm, Mr Edward Miller (Teacher), George (An Ex-Slave Boy). At the time of the arrival of the missionaries, King Eyamba V was already an old Man. When they arrived, they first met King Eyo Honesty who was delivering oil to one of his ships.[15][18] They met King Eyamba V the following day who remarked "I look long time for you. Glad you come now for live here. Look about and choose what place you like for make house. The whole country belongs to me for six days journey all round."[19][20] Being a highly competitive king, Eyamba V was displeased when he learnt that two mission houses were to be established in Calabar, one at Creek Town and one in Duke Town.[21] He saw no reason why there should be two mission houses and appealed to Beecroft who responded saying,
Eyamba V guaranteed the missionaries of his protection and promised to forgive slaves whom the missionaries would intercede for and promised not to harm such slaves unless they commit serious crimes "as in England".[22] Eyamba's reference to England reveals that he was knowledgeable in international affairs and is further confirmed during Captain Beecroft's visit to Calabar where he informs Becroft that he is aware of the developments taking place in the triangular trade.[23] Eyamba V and the SupercargoesEyamba did not have a great reputation among foreign merchants.[22] He was known to break trade agreements which was common among some trading chiefs of his time.[22] Hope Waddell described an incident where a Captain of the ship "May" detained Eyamba V when he invited him for breakfast on board the ship.[24] The reason for his detainment was that he was owing the ship "thirty-five puncheons" or about twenty-five tons of Palm Oil and was exceedingly late for a payment.[24] Although Eyamba V saw the need to work with foreign traders like his ancestors had done, he was wary of their excessive exploits. His concerns were revealed when he was apprehensive of a British vessel exploring up the Cross River in 1841.[23] Eyamba V and the Iron Palace One of the most notable Architectural feats of Southern Nigeria in the 19th century, Eyamba's iron palace was a two stories building framed of wood and roofed with galvanized iron plates.[20] At the time the Iron palace was built, Iron houses were not in vogue across Europe.[25] The Iron Palace was built by William Laycock on the request of Eyamba V.[25] Regarding the History of the building, it was stated that,
The Iron Palace was demolished during the reign of King Archibong II who claimed that he had a dream where he saw Eyamba V in the "ghostland" without a shelter and that he requested that his palace be sent to him there.[26] DeathOn the death of Eyamba in 1847, the pandemonium that broke through Old Calabar was great. It was the custom of the Efik people to bury members of the royal family with slaves. In cases where the person who died was male, he would be buried with some of his wives and slaves. Rev Hope Waddell gives the details of Eyamba's death stating,
Thirty of Eyamba's wives were killed the first day.[28] For some, it was an honour to be "Called" to join the king in the afterlife. Several pleas were made by the missionaries but all with little effect. Some of the executioners misled them with false promises while some Chiefs rebuked the missionaries saying that "...white people had no right to interfere with black men's fashions.[29] The School at Duke Town was shut for several weeks and Chiefs refused to send their children to school to keep them from harm.[29] Ancestry
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