Eriogonum umbellatum

Eriogonum umbellatum
Eriogonum umbellatum var. hypoleium

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Eriogonum
Species:
E. umbellatum
Binomial name
Eriogonum umbellatum

Eriogonum umbellatum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name sulphurflower buckwheat, or simply sulphur flower.

Description

It is an extremely variable plant and hard to identify because individuals can look very different from one another. Also, there are many varieties. It may be a perennial herb blooming by summer[1] with stems 10 centimetres (4 in) tall[citation needed] and two to six clusters of flowers, with a whorl of leaves below the stems,[1] or a sprawling shrub approaching 2 metres (6+1⁄2 ft) high and wide.[citation needed] The leaves are usually woolly and low on the plant, and the flowers come in many colors from white to bright yellow to purple.

Varieties

  • E. u. var. argus - often nearly hairless leaves and bright yellow flowers; limited to the Klamath Mountains
  • E. u. var. dichrocephalum - found throughout much of the western United States
  • E. u. var. furcosum - a low shrub native to the Sierra Nevada
  • E. u. var. glaberrimum - (green buckwheat) - a nearly hairless, white-flowered species
  • E. u. var. humistratum - (Mt. Eddy buckwheat) - a rare northern California endemic
  • E. u. var. juniporinum - (juniper buckwheat) - an uncommon plant of eastern California and western Nevada
  • E. u. var. subalpinum - (sulfur buckwheat) - similar to Eriogonum eriogonum but has wider and more spoon-shaped leaves
  • E. u. var. torreyanum - (Donner Pass buckwheat) - known from fewer than 10 occurrences near the Donner Pass
  • E. u. var. versicolor - bears pinkish-brown flowers with bright stripes

Distribution and habitat

It is native to western North America from California to Colorado to central Canada, where it is abundant and found in many habitats, including the sagebrush steppe and alpine areas.[1]

Ecology

It is a popular larval host, feeding the bramble hairstreak, desert green hairstreak, lupine blue, Mormon metalmark, Rocky Mountain dotted blue, Sheridan's hairstreak, Sonoran metalmark, and western green hairstreak.[2] Additionally, goats and domestic sheep feed on the plant.[3]

Cultivation

The wildflower gardening author Claude A. Barr complemented sulphurflower buckwheat as a "treasure in appearance and in adaptation in my garden."[4] It is valued for its very low water usage for xeriscaping. The cultivar "Kannah Creek", a selection of Eriogonum umbellatum var. aureum, has been introduced to the garden trade by the Plant Select cooperative sponsored by Colorado State University and Denver Botanic Gardens.[5][6] It grows in USDA zones 4–8.[7]

  • E. umbellatum var. dichrocephalum
    E. umbellatum var. dichrocephalum
  • E. umbellatum var. humistratum (habit)
    E. umbellatum var. humistratum (habit)
  • E. umbellatum var. humistratum (flowers)
    E. umbellatum var. humistratum (flowers)
  • E. umbellatum var. hypoleium (habit, William O. Douglas Wilderness)
    E. umbellatum var. hypoleium (habit, William O. Douglas Wilderness)
  • E. umbellatum var. hypoleium (flowers)
    E. umbellatum var. hypoleium (flowers)
  • E. umbellatum var. majus (flowers, Wenatchee Mountains)
    E. umbellatum var. majus (flowers, Wenatchee Mountains)
  • E. umbellatum var. subaridum (flowers, Spring Mountains)
    E. umbellatum var. subaridum (flowers, Spring Mountains)

References

  1. ^ a b c Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 30. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
  2. ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  3. ^ Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 32.
  4. ^ Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the plains : wild flowers of the Great Plains grasslands and hills. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
  5. ^ "Kannah Creek Buckwheat". Colorado Springs Utilities Xeriscaping. Colorado Springs Utilities. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  6. ^ "From Grand Mesa, It's Kannah Creek® Buckwheat!". Plant Select. 30 November 1999. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  7. ^ "Eriogonum umbellatum". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 May 2023.