Endogonales

Endogonales
Endogone pisiformis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Mucoromycota
Subdivision:	Mucoromycotina
Class:	Endogonomycetes Doweld
Order:	Endogonales Jacz. & P.A.Jacz.[1]
Families
Endogonaceae Densosporaceae

Endogonales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Zygomycota,[2] and in class Endogonomycetes.[3][4]

It contains 2 families; Endogonaceae, with 6 genera and 38 species and Densosporaceae, with one genera and 4 species.[3]

History

The Endogales were originally formed to hold a single family, the Endogonaceae, which comprised 15 species in four genera (Endogone, Peridiospora, Sclerogone, and Youngiomyces). They were transferred to the phylum Glomeromycota to Zygomycetes.[5] Then they were placed in Zygomycotina.[6] They were placed in the subphylum Mucoromycotina in 2017 and genus Youngiomyces was synonymized with genus Endogone.[7] They were then placed in the monotypic class Endogonomycetes.[4]

Genera

Endogonaceae Paol.;[8]

• Endogone Link (26 species)
• Jimgerdemannia Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bidartondo (3: Jimgerdemannia ambigua Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020), Jimgerdemannia flammicorona (Trappe & Gerd.) Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bonito & Bidart. (2017), Jimgerdemannia lactiflua (Berk. & Broome) Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bidart. (2017))
• Peridiospora C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (2: Peridiospora reticulata C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (1997) and Peridiospora tatachia C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (1997))
• Sclerogone Warcup (1: Sclerogone eucalypti Warcup (1990))
• Sphaerocreas Sacc. & Ellis (4)
• Vinositunica Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2: Vinositunica ingens Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020) and Vinositunica radiata Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020))

Densosporaceae Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bidartondo, Trappe & Bonito;[9]

• Densospora McGee (4 Species: D. nanospora – D. nuda – D. solicarpa – D. tubiformis)

Note; genus Jimwhitea M. Krings & T.N. Taylor was placed in the Endogonaceae family, but holds only fossils reported from the Middle Triassic formations. So is placed in Ascomycota genera Incertae sedis.[3]

Life cycle

The life cycle of the Endogonales is distinguished by their production of small sporocarps containing many zygospores, which are eaten by rodents and distributed by their faeces.

They also produce a fetid odour that attracts mammals and encourages them to eat their fruiting bodies, and so spread their spores.[10]

Food

Like all fungi, they are heterotrophs with some being described as saprobes (with weak evidence).[10]

References

1. Jaczewski, A.A.; Jaczewski, P.A. (1931). "Определитель грибов. Совершенные грибы (диплоидные стадии). 3-е изд. [Вып. 1]. Фикомицеты. [Keys to Fungi. Perfect Fungi (diploid stages).". In Doweld, Alexander (ed.). Phycomycetes (in Russian) (3 ed.). Moscow-Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe Izdateľstvo sel'skokhozjaistvennoj i kolkhozno-kooperativnoj literatury. p. 294.
2. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
3. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
4. Doweld, A.B. (2014). "Nomenclatural novelties: Endogonomycetes cl. nov". Index fungorum. 57: 1.
5. Voigt, K.; Kirk, P.M. (2014). "FUNGI | Classification of Zygomycetes". In Batt, Carl A.; Tortorello, Mary Lou (eds.). Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (2nd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-384733-1.
6. Yao, Y.J.; Pegler, D.N.; Young, T.W.K. (1995). "Youngiomyces, a new genus in Endogonales (Zygomycotina)". Kew Bulletin. 50: 349–357.
7. Desirò, Alessandro; Rimington, William R.; Jacob, Alison; Pol, Natalie Vande; Smith, Matthew E.; Trappe, James M.; Bidartondo, Martin I.; Bonito, Gregory (December 2017). "Multigene phylogeny of Endogonales, an early diverging lineage of fungi associated with plants". IMA Fungus. 8 (2): 245–257. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.03. hdl:10044/1/55563. PMID 29242774.
8. "Family Names". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
9. "Family Names". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
10. C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5