Boat class used in competitive rowing
Eight icon Eights at the end of the 2002 Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race An eight , abbreviated as an 8+ , is a racing shell used in competitive rowing (crew). It is designed for eight rowers, who propel the boat with sweep oars, and is steered by a coxswain , or "cox".
Each of the eight rowers has one oar . The rowers sit in a line in the centre of the boat and face the stern. They are usually placed alternately, with four on the port side (rower's right hand side – also traditionally known as "stroke side") and four on the starboard side (rower's lefthand side – known as "bow side").[ 1] rudder and is normally seated at the stern of the boat. Because of the size, weight, and speed of the boat in comparison to the 4+ and 2+ , it is generally considered unsafe to race the 8+ coxless or to have a bowloader cox.[ 2]
Coxed eight on the River Severn at Worcester Racing boats (often called "shells") are long, narrow, and broadly semi-circular in cross-section in order to reduce drag to a minimum. Originally made from wood , shells are now almost always made from a composite material (usually carbon-fibre reinforced plastic ) for strength and weight advantages. Eights have a fin towards the rear, to help prevent roll and yaw and to help the rudder. The riggers are staggered alternately along the boat so that the forces apply asymmetrically to each side of the boat. If the boat is sculled by rowers each with two oars the combination is referred to as an octuple scull . In a scull boat, the riggers apply forces symmetrically. A sweep oared boat has to be stiffer to handle the unmatched forces, and so requires more bracing, which means it has to be heavier and slower than an equivalent sculling boat. However, octuple sculls are not used in main competitions.
"Eight" is one of the classes recognized by the International Rowing Federation and one of the events in the Olympics .[ 3] first Olympic eights race was held in 1900 and won by the United States.
See also
References
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Eights .
1962 : Meyer , Plagemann , Aeffke , Behrens , Wallbrecht , von Groddeck , Ingo Kliefoth , Bernd Kruse , cox Ahrens )1966 : Meyer , Schreyer , Schwan , Luhn , Hertel , Henning , Ulbricht , Kuhn , cox Niehusen )1970 : Borchmann , Jobst , Zander , Gust , Martens , Ahrendt , Foppke , Puls , cox Zahn )1974 : Shealy , Stevenson , Cashin , Norelius , Everett , Vespoli , Mickelson , Brown , cox Weinberg )1975 : Arndt , Döhn , Wendisch , Ulrich , Klatt , Kostulski , Karnatz , Prudöhl , cox Ludwig )1977 : Sredzki , Lindner , Gottschalt , Kons , Lück , Frieberg , Karnatz , Gunkel , cox Jahncke )1978 : Schumann , Karnatz , Sredzki , Ebert , Ulrich , Jährling , Dühring , Höing , cox Kaiser )1979 : Schiller , Friedrich , Wenzel , Ulrich , Höing , Karnatz , Krauß , Rodewald , cox Ludwig )1981 : Gudauskas , Solomakhin , Krilov , Diduk , Narushaitis , Narmontas , Pinskus , Maystrenka , cox Nizhegorodov )1982 : O'Connell , Stanley , Stevenson , Keys , White-Parsons , White , Brook , Rodger , cox Hay )1983 : Stanley , Stevenson , Rodger , White-Parsons , White , Mabbott , Keys , Atherfold , cox Hay )1985 : Komarov , Diduk , Pinskus , But , Omelyanovich , Hurkovskiy , Voloshin , Vasilyev , cox Dmytrenko )1986 : Galloway , Batten , Cooper , McKay , Doyle , Tomkins , Popa , Evans , cox Caterson )1987 : Teti , Smith , Patton , Still , Nordell , McLaughlin , Burden , Pescatore , cox Bauer )1989 : Puttlitz , Keßlau , Steffes-Mies , Balster , Dietrich , Mauerwerk , Wessling , Baar , cox Klein )1990 : Baar , Balster , Dietrich , Korte , Richter , Steffes-Mies , Ungemach , Weyrauch , cox Klein )1991 : Steffes-Mies , Balster , Fischer , Streppelhoff , Hecht , Klapheck , Wessling , Baar , cox Klein )1993 : Baar , Hoeltzenbein , Lütkefels , Richter , Scholz , Steffes-Mies , Streppelhoff , von Ettingshausen , cox Thiede )1994 : Brown , Hall , Honebein , Kaehler , Klepacki , Koven , McKibbon , Smith , cox Segaloff )1995 : Baar , Forster , Kirchhoff , Landvoigt , Lerche , Richter , Sator , Weber , cox Thiede )1997 : Ahrens , Bea , Henry , Kaehler , Miller , Richter , Wherley , Cummins , cox Cipollone )1998 : Ahrens , Collins , Kaehler , Klepacki , Miller , Volpenhein , Welsh , Wherley , cox Cipollone )1999 : Volpenhein , Kaehler , Collins , Welsh , Wherley , Klepacki , Miller , Ahrens , cox Cipollone )2001 : Măstăcan , Corbeanu , Nemțoc , Florariu , Cornea , Bănică , Pîrvan , Măstăcan , cox Gheorghe )2002 : Swick , Light , Rutledge , Hamilton , Stankevicius , Hoskins , Kreek , Powell , cox Price )2003 : Stankevicius , Light , Rutledge , Hamilton , Calder , Hoskins , Kreek , Powell , cox Price )2005 : Daniels , Deakin , Coppola , Beery , Inman , Volpenhein , Hoopman , McElhenney , cox Blomquist )2006 : Dießner , Schulte , Koltzk , Stüer , Tebrügge , Siemes , Engelmann , Heidicker , cox Thiede )2007 : Light , Rutledge , Byrnes , Wetzel , Howard , Seiterle , Kreek , Hamilton , cox Price )2009 : Käufer , Hauffe , Mennigen , Wilke , Schmidt , Adamski , Seifert , Schmidt , cox Sauer )2010 : Hauffe , Reinelt , Wilke , Mennigen , Schmidt , Müller , Seifert , Schmidt , cox Sauer )2011 : Hauffe , Kuffner , Johannesen , Reinelt , Schmidt , Müller , Mennigen , Wilke , cox Sauer )2013 : Ritchie , Ransley , Gregory , Reed , Sbihi , Triggs Hodge , Nash , Satch , cox Hill )2014 : Reilly-O'Donnell , Tarrant , Satch , Gotrel , Reed , Bennett , Ransley , Louloudis , cox Hill )2015 : Gotrel , Louloudis , Reed , Bennett , Sbihi , Gregory , Nash , Satch , cox Hill )2017 : Weißenfeld , Wimberger , Planer , Johannesen , Schneider , Jakschik , Schmidt , Ocik , cox Sauer )2018 : Weißenfeld , Wimberger , Planer , Johannesen , Schneider , Jakschik , Schmidt , Ocik , cox Sauer )2019 : Weißenfeld , Follert , Reinhardt , Johannesen , Schneider , Jakschik , Schmidt , Ocik , cox Sauer )2022 : Gibbs , Bolding , Bewicke-Copley , Carnegie , Elwes , Digby , Rudkin , Ford , cox Brightmore )2023 : Dawson , Bolding , Gibbs , Carnegie , Elwes , Digby , Rudkin , Ford , cox Brightmore )
1974 : Dobler , Lehmann , Richter , Schwede , Ahrenholz , Müller , Blanke , Mosig , cox Brincker )1975 : Goretzki , Knetsch , Richter , Schwede , Kallies , Neu , Nitsche , Mosig , cox Wilke )1977 : Bügel , Steindorf , Lohs , Neisser , Sandig , Kurth , Schwede , Metze , cox Heß )1978 : Yermakova , Paziun , Antoniuk , Bunjak , Dergatchenko , Umanets , Tereshina , Pivovarova , cox Frolova )1979 : Antoniuk , Bunjak , Dergatchenko , Yermakova , Paziun , Tereshina , Umanets , Pivovarova , cox Frolova )1981 : Baltutite , Teterina , Tereshina , Yatsenko , Makushkina , Shvetsova , Umanets , Paziun , cox Frolova )1982 : Makushkina , Konopleva , Umanets , Tereshina , Yatsenko , Studneva , Doligaida , Stone , cox Frolova )1983 : Stone , Averyanova , Konopleva , Studneva , Umanets , Tereshina , Yatsenko , Makushkina , cox Khokhlova )1985 : Pukhayeva , Zakyrova , Tereshina , Suprun , Znak , Teterina , Yatsenko , Averyanova , cox Khokhlova )1986 : Tereshina , Suprun , Sakirova , Pukhayeva , Znak , Teterina , Averyanova , Tsessiunaite , cox Khokhlova )1987 : Vîrlan , Trașcă , Țicanu , Arba , Chelariu , Necula , Homeghi , Toader , cox Oancia )1989 : Bălan , Curelea , Tănase , Soare , Chelariu , Neculai , Leonte , Armășescu , cox Oancia )1990 : Șnep , Bobeică , Burcică , Cochela , Curela , Oprea , Popescu , Ciucanu-Robu , cox Nedelcu )1991 : Barnes , Delehanty , Doey , Heddle , Mahon , McBean , Monroe , Taylor , cox Thompson )1993 : Alupei , Bobeică , Cochela , Doroftei , Ignat , Neculai , Olteanu , Tănase , cox Ilie )1994 : Haacker , Klapheck , Schmidt , Martin , Pyritz , Rehaag , Wagner , Werremeier , cox Schnell )1995 : Dore , Fallon , Fuller , Kakela , Korholz , E. McCagg , M. McCagg , Tranel-Michini , cox Farooq )1997 : Damian , Susanu , Olteanu , Cazac , Gafencu , Cochela , Ignat , Tănase , cox Georgescu )1998 : Cazac , Cochela , Damian , Dumitrache , Gafencu , Ignat , Olteanu , Susanu , cox Georgescu )1999 : Damian , Dumitrache , Ignat , Olteanu , Popescu , Spîrcu , Susanu , Bărăscu , cox Georgescu )2001 : Winter , Lutz , Wilson , Robinson , Martin , Sattin , Roberts , Larsen , cox Bilson )2002 : Johnson , Peirce , Davies , Urtasun , Marten , Cox , Mickelson , Mackenzie , cox Whipple )2003 : Hipler , Pyritz , Tucholke , Holthaus , Schmidt , Zimmermann , Günther , Wech , cox Ruppel )2005 : Outhwaite , Selby Smith , Mills , Hornsey , Martin , Chew , Frasca , Heard , cox Patrick )2006 : Sickler , Cooke , Goodale , Shoop , Mickelson , Francia , Lind , Davies , cox Whipple )2007 : Sickler , Shoop , Goodale , Magee , Mickelson , Francia , Lind , Davies , cox Whipple )2009 : Cafaro , Allen , Larsen-Strecker , Francia , Goodale , Shoop , Lind , Glessner , cox Snyder )2010 : Goodale , Polk , Redman , Ritzel , Lofgren , Logan , Musnicki , Glessner , cox Whipple )2011 : Lofgren , Francia , Musnicki , Ritzel , Redman , Polk , Lind , Logan , cox Whipple )2013 : Polk , Simmonds , Regan , Schmetterling , Luczak , Musnicki , Opitz , Lind , cox Snyder )2014 : Opitz , Musnicki , Polk , Schmetterling , Luczak , Lind , Logan , Robbins , cox Snyder )2015 : Opitz , Musnicki , Polk , Schmetterling , Regan , Simmonds , Gobbo , Robbins , cox Snyder )2017 : Vrînceanu , Bejinariu , Petrilă , Popa , Bereș , Tîlvescu , Boguș , Oprea , cox Druncea )2018 : O'Brien , Mueller , Opitz , Doonan , Moffat , Eisser , Regan , Coffey , cox Guregian )2019 : Greenslade , Dyke , Spoors , Bevan , Prendergast , Williams , Ross , Gowler , cox Shepherd )2022 : Rusu , Buhuș , Ailincăi , Tivodariu , M. Bereș , A. Bereș , Vrînceanu , Radiș , cox Petreanu )2023 : Rusu , Anghel , Adam , Buhuș , M. Bereș , Tivodariu , Vrînceanu , A. Bereș , cox Petreanu )
FISA championships
1974 : Baldino , Gaynor , Nauman , Harman , Aserlind , Ewing , Feld , Grogan , cox Hartigan )1975 : Meyer , Lutz , Braun , Maye , Fritsch , Buhren , Lobing , Kerkhoff , cox Neumeister )1976 : Werner , Zimmer , Büsken , Nentwig , Neubert , Meschede , Huck , Nehmer , cox Sassenbach )1977 : Read , Stuart-Bennett , George , Simpole , Cusack , Innes , Topolski , Drury , cox Sweeney )1978 : Simpole , Read , Drury , Downie , Roberts , Zeun , Melvin , French , cox Moynihan )1979 : Goicoechea , Arteaga , Uriarte , Expósito , Elizalde , Redondo , Puertas , Climent , cox Olasagasti )1980 : Barratt , Hosking , Downie , Howe , Zeun , Roberts , Read , Simpole , cox Jefferies )1981 : Knudsen , Jensen , Mølgaard , Højlund , Hansson , Eriksen , Espersen , Fransson , cox Klug-Andersen )1982 : Valentinis , Torta , Pantano , Tontodonati , R. Borsini , L. Borsini , Castiglioni , Salani , cox Di Capua )1983 : Moya , Cañete , Génova , Muniesa , Crespo , Briones , Llorente , Elizalde , cox Rojí )1984 : Mølgaard , Jacobsen , Højlund , Hansson , Christensen , Jensen , Espersen , Kobbernagel , cox Rasmussen ) Official world championships
1985 : Losi , Savoia , Torcellan , Lana , Spremberg , Marostica , Re , Ravasi , cox Di Deco )1986 : Losi , Savoia , Torcellan , Lana , Spremberg , Gaddi , Re , Ravasi , cox Di Deco )1987 : Losi , Striani , Torcellan , Lana , Spremberg , Gaddi , Re , Ravasi , cox Zanetti )1988 : Striani , Re , Spremberg , Losi , Ravasi , Barbaranelli , Bellomo , Torcellan , cox Velotti )1989 : Barbaranelli , Romanini , Falossi , Fraquelli , Torcellan , Gaddi , Re , Ravasi , cox Lamberti )1990 : Barbaranelli , Falossi , Gaddi , Ranieri , Ravasi , Re , Romanini , Striani , cox Lamberti )1991 : Barbaranelli , Cantoni , Gaddi , Marigliano , Ranieri , Ravasi , Re , Romanini , cox Iannuzzi )1992 : Andersen , Blitskov , Buck , Hansen , Jensen Kollat , Meyer , Poulsen , Vestergaard , cox Sorensen )1993 : Boyes , Cookson , Fontaine , Hassett , Lay , Peaker , Sommerwil , Thompson , cox Newman )1994 : Bates , Cox , Ellis , Hessian , Kay , Lemon , McNiven , Smith , cox Deakin )1995 : Andersen , Bech Jensen , Buck , Glud , Henrichsen , Jensen Kollat , Jensen , Vestergaard , cox Larsen )1996 : Bech , Edeler , Jenny , Locher , Mielke , Töpfer , Vukelic , Maerz , cox Klotz )1997 : Balmforth , Berney , Burgess , Isherwood , Mitchell , Richards , Wiseman , Wright , cox Hayman )1998 : Edeler , Ibielski , Laib , Locher , Rosenberger , Stomporowski , Strauch , Vukelic , cox Kaska )1999 : Plifka , Kerber , Cashman , Den Besten , Cotter , Ruckman , Tripician , Kammann , cox Salamini )2000 : Miller , Mack , Cashman , Winkler , Fedyna , Schwartz , Maclaurin , Warner , cox Fien-Helfman )2001 : Dupy , Péron , Porchier , Bussière , Touron , Bette , Hocdé , Dorfman , cox Lattaignant )2002 : Scala , Lodigiani , Del Gaudio , Moriconi , Paniccia , Grande , Fraquelli , Pasqualini , cox Di Palma )2003 : Seibt , Raeder , Drews , Hasse , Borchardt , Schmidt , Hobein , Dahlke , cox Kaska )2004 : Solforosi , Margat , Saïtta , Pouge , Bussière , Faucheux , Planque , Tilliet , cox Majerus )2005 : Vlcek , Danesin , Savrie , Goretti , Scala , Moriconi , Del Gaudio , Gabriele , cox Barattolo )2006 : Scala , Tuccinardi , La Padula , Sancassani , Goretti , Savrie , Vlcek , Gabriele , cox Lenzi )2007 : van den Broek , Bottema , Blankert , Beemsterboer , Tromp , Greidanus , Snijders , Godschalk , cox Wiersum )2008 : Carcagno , Bolton , Farrell , Altman , Todd , Daly , Paradiso , Muffelman , cox del Guercio )2009 : Scala , Riccardi , La Padula , Goretti , Ceccatelli , Gallo , Vlcek , Mascarenhas , cox Lenzi )2010 : Wisgott , Gerhardt , Lüke , Wichert , J. Kühner , Seibt , Schömann-Finck , M. Kühner , cox Kowert )2011 : Bertrand , Brown , Tunevitsch , Gibson , Foot , Chisholm , Baker , Purcell , cox Webster )2012 : M. Schömann-Finck , J. Schömann-Finck , M. Kühner , Schützeberg , Hochbruck , J. Kühner , Seibt , Wichert , cox Sauer )2013 : Molteni , Amarante , Zaharia , Barbaro , Oppo , Serpico , Schisano , Di Girolamo , cox D'Aniello )2014 : Franzmann , Barr , Neumann , Wallat , Wisgott , Kilthau , Keßler , Temel , cox Böhm )2015 : Schad , Barr , Neumann , Roller , Franzmann , Wallat , Mertens , Temel , cox Heinemann )
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