Bugnion was one of the five founders of VMware in 1998 (with his advisor Mendel Rosenblum) and was the chief architect until 2004.[3] While he was chief architect, VMware developed the secure desktop initiative also known as NetTop for the US National Security Agency.[4]
After VMware, Bugnion was a founder of Nuova Systems which was funded by Cisco Systems, and acquired by them in April 2008.[5] Bugnion joined Cisco as vice president and chief technology officer of Cisco's Server Access and Virtualization Business Unit.[6] He promoted Cisco's Data Center 3.0 vision, and appeared in advertisements.[7] In 2014, he became adjunct professor at the School of Computer Science at EPFL, Switzerland, where he is now a Full Professor. He was Vice President for Information Systems until he was appointed Vice President for Innovation and Impact starting 2025.[8][9]