Defence Australia

This article is about the civilian department of the Australian Public Service which supports the Australian Defence Force. For the military force itself, see Australian Defence Force.
Defence Australia
Logo of Defence Australia
Department overview
Formed14 April 1942 (1942-04-14)[1]
Preceding department
JurisdictionAustralia
HeadquartersCanberra
Employees16,272 (2020)[2]
Annual budgetA$37.82 billion (2019–20)[3]
Minister responsible
Department executive
Child agencies
Websitedefence.gov.au

Defence Australia is a department of the Australian Government that is responsible for administering the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and its related entities, and is charged with the defence of Australia and its national interests.[4] Along with the ADF, it forms part of the larger Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) and is accountable to the Parliament of Australia, on behalf of the Australian people, for the efficiency and effectiveness with which it carries out government policy.

The executive head of the department, who leads it on a day-to-day basis, independent of a change of government, is the Secretary of the Department of Defence (SECDEF), currently Greg Moriarty. SECDEF reports to the Minister for Defence, Richard Marles.

History

Australia has had at least one defence-related government department since Federation in 1901. The first Department of Defence existed from 1901 until 1921. In 1915, during World War I, a separate Department of the Navy was created. The two departments merged in 1921 to form the second Department of Defence, regarded as a separate body.[5]

A major departmental reorganisation occurred in the lead-up to World War II. The Department of Defence was abolished and replaced with six smaller departments – the Defence Co-ordination (for defence policy, financial, and administrative matters), three "service departments" (Army, Navy, and Air), the Supply and Development (for munitions and materiel), and Civil Aviation.[5] The current Department of Defence was formally created in 1942, when Prime Minister John Curtin renamed the existing Department of Defence Co-ordination. The other defence-related departments underwent a series of reorganisations, before being merged into the primary department over the following decades. This culminated in the abolition of the three service departments in 1973. A new Department of Defence Support was created in 1982, but abolished in 1984.[6]

In May 2022, the department was renamed Defence Australia.[7]

The Australian Department of Defence, along with the Australian state and other governments are known to fund the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), a defence and strategic policy think tank based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.[8]

Defence Committee

The Defence Committee is the primary decision-making committee in the Department of Defence, supported by six subordinate committees, groups and boards. The Defence Committee is focused on major capability development and resource management for the Australian Defence Organisation and shared accountability of the Secretary and the Chief of the Defence Force.[9]

The members of the Defence Committee are:

Organisational groups

Department headquarters at the Russell Offices complex in Canberra

As of 2016 the Department of Defence consists of ten major organisational groups:[10]

Diarchy

The Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary of the Department of Defence (SECDEF) jointly manage the Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) under a diarchy in which both report directly to the Minister for Defence and the Assistant Minister for Defence. The ADO diarchy is a governance structure unique in the Australian Public Service.

List of departmental secretaries

The Secretary of the Department of Defence (SECDEF) is a senior public service officer and historically the appointees have not come from military service.

Name Post-nominlal's Date appointment
commenced		 Date appointment
ceased		 Term in office Notes Ref(s)
Captain Sir Muirhead Collins KCMG, PVNF 1901 1910 9 years, 0 days Pethebridge was acting Secretary 1906–1910
Brigadier General Sir Samuel Pethebridge KCMG 1910 1918 8 years, 0 days Trumble was acting Secretary 1914–1918
Thomas Trumble CMG, CBE 1918 1927 9 years, 0 days
Malcolm Shepherd CMG, ISO 1927 1937 10 years, 0 days
Sir Frederick Shedden KCMG, OBE 1937 1956 19 years, 301 days
Sir Edwin Hicks CBE 28 October 1956 5 January 1968 11 years, 69 days [15]
Sir Henry Bland 1 May 1968 1970 1 year, 361 days [16][17]
Sir Arthur Tange AC, CBE March 1970 August 1979 9 years, 92 days [18]
Bill Pritchett AO August 1979 6 February 1984 4 years, 189 days [19][20]
Sir William Cole 6 February 1984 15 October 1986 2 years, 251 days [20]
Alan Woods AC December 1986 31 July 1988 1 year, 243 days [20]
Tony Ayers AC 1 August 1988 February 1998 9 years, 184 days [20][21]
Paul Barratt AO February 1998 31 August 1999 1 year, 211 days Appointment terminated by the Governor-General on the recommendation of Prime Minister Howard.
Barratt fought the decision in the Federal Court, losing on appeal.		 [22][23]
Dr Allan Hawke AC 21 October 1999 20 October 2002 2 years, 364 days [20][24][25]
Ric Smith AO, PSM 11 November 2002 3 December 2006 4 years, 22 days [20][25][26]
Nick Warner AO, PSM 4 December 2006 13 August 2009 2 years, 252 days [20][26][27][28]
Dr Ian Watt AO 13 August 2009 5 September 2011 2 years, 23 days [20][27][29]
Major General Duncan Lewis AO, DSC, CSC 5 September 2011 18 October 2012 1 year, 43 days [20][29][30]
Dennis Richardson AO 18 October 2012 12 May 2017 4 years, 206 days [30]
Greg Moriarty AO 4 September 2017 Incumbent 7 years, 119 days [31]

See also

References

  1. ^ CA 46: Department of Defence [III], Central Office, National Archives of Australia, retrieved 9 February 2021
  2. ^ Macmillan, Jade; Greene, Andrew (30 June 2020). "Australia to spend $270b building larger military to prepare for 'poorer, more dangerous' world and rise of China". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  3. ^ "Portfolio Budget Statements 2019-20, Budget Related Paper No. 1.4A" (PDF). Department of Defence. 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  4. ^ "Defence Leaders: Senior Managers". Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Defence: Administrative History". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  6. ^ "Department of Defence [III]". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  7. ^ "Federal department rebrands as Defence Australia". The Canberra Times.
  8. ^ "Australian Strategic Policy Institute Limited Annual Report 2018-2019". www.transparency.gov.au. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  9. ^ "Who we are and what we do". Australian Government Department of Defence. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  10. ^ "Groups: About us". Department of Defence. Australian Government. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
  11. ^ Peever, David (April 2015). "First Principles Review: Creating One Defence" (PDF). Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Fact Sheet: Smaller Government: Defence Materiel Organisation: Reintegration into the Department of Defence" (MS Word). Department of Defence, Australian Government. May 2015.
  13. ^ "Stop Press! Name Change" (Press release). 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015. As part of the First Principles Review implementation, from 1 July 2015 the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) has been renamed as the Defence Science and Technology Group.
  14. ^ Intelligence and Security Group Archived 12 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Government Directory
  15. ^ Farquharson, John (2007). "Hicks, Sir Edwin William (Ted) (1910–1984)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  16. ^ Farquharson, John. "Bland, Sir Henry (Harry) (1909–1997)". Obituaries Australia. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  17. ^ Mitcham, Chad J. ‘Bland, Sir Henry Armand (Harry) (1909-1997)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bland-sir-henry-armand-harry-1549/text41469
  18. ^ James, Lieutenant Colonel Neil (May 2000). Reform of the Defence Management Paradigm : A Fresh View (PDF). Working Paper Series. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre. p. 40. ISBN 0-7317-0441-X. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  19. ^ NLA Catalogue
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i Jennings, Peter; Channer, Hayley (October 2012). "Look Behind You, Mr Richardson". The Strategist. Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  21. ^ Hawke, Bob (2 June 1988). "For the media". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  22. ^ Colvin, Mark; Reynolds, Fiona (31 August 1999). "Barratt sacked" (transcript). PM. Australia. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  23. ^ Colvin, Mark; Reynolds, Fiona (10 March 2000). "Barrett loses appeal against dismissal" (transcript). PM. Australia. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  24. ^ Howard, John (21 October 1999). "New Secretary to the Department of Defence". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  25. ^ a b Farnsworth, Malcolm (25 September 2002). "Defence Department Head Removed By Government". australianpolitics.com. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  26. ^ a b Howard, John (2 November 2006). "Secretary – Department of Defence". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  27. ^ a b Rudd, Kevin (13 August 2009). "Departmental secretaries and statutory office-holders, Canberra". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  28. ^ Keane, Bernard (30 March 2009). "Defence is simply too big for Nick Warner". Crikey. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  29. ^ a b Gillard, Julia (4 August 2011). "Departmental Secretaries". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  30. ^ a b Gillard, Julia (17 September 2012). "Diplomatic Appointment and Appointment of Secretaries of the Department of Defence and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  31. ^ Turnbull, Malcolm (28 July 2017). "Secretary of the Department of Defence". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 28 July 2017.