Cydia (moth)

"Lasperesia" and "Lespeyresia" redirect here. These are misspellings of Laspeyresia, which was invalidly established for the genus Cydia and actually refers to the noctuid moth genus Laspeyria.

Cydia
Imago (above) and caterpillar (below) of the codling moth (C. pomonella)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Tortricidae
Subfamily: Olethreutinae
Tribe: Grapholitini
Genus: Cydia
Hübner, 1825
Type species
Phalaena (Tortrix) pomonella
Diversity
About 215 species (but see text)
Synonyms

Numerous, see text

Cydia is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus Grapholita requires further study.[1][2][3][4]

Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillars inflict as pests of agricultural crops, especially fruit and nut trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their food plants.

Another well-known species is the jumping bean moth (C. saltitans), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping beans".

Species

Roughly 215 species are currently recognized in Cydia, though as noted above, the list is provisional:[2]

Former species

Synonyms

Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Cydia are:[1][4]

  • Adenoneura Walsingham, 1907
  • Carpocampa Harris, 1841 (unjustified emendation)
  • Carpocapsa Treitschke, 1829
  • Cerata Stephens, 1852
  • Coccyx Treitschke, 1829
  • Collicularia Obraztsov, 1960
  • Crobilophora (lapsus)
  • Crobylophora Kennel, 1910 (non Meyrick, 1880: preoccupied)
  • Danilevskia Kuznetzov, 1970
  • Dicraniana Diakonoff, 1984
  • Erminea Kirby & Spence, 1826
  • Erminia (lapsus)
  • Hedulia Heinrich, 1926
  • Kenneliola Paclt, 1951
  • Lasperesia (lapsus)
  • Laspeyresia Hübner, 1825 (non R.L., 1817: preoccupied)
  • Lespeyresia (lapsus)
  • Melisopus (lapsus)
  • Melissopus Riley, 1882
  • Melliopus (lapsus)
  • Mellisopus (lapsus)
  • Mellissopus (lapsus)
  • Phanetoprepa Obraztsov, 1968
  • Pseudotomoides Obraztsov, 1959
  • Semasia Stephens, 1829
  • Strobila Sodoffsky, 1837 (non Sars, 1829: preoccupied)

In addition to the uncertain relationship of Cydia and Grapholita already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative Pammene: Eucelis, Trycheris and Orchemia are sometimes[3] listed as junior synonyms of Cydia, but the type species of the former two is Tortrix mediana (a junior synonym of P. aurana), and that of the third is Orchemia gallicana (a junior synonym of P. gallicana).[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Cydia account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.
  2. ^ a b Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Cydia species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.
  3. ^ a b Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Cydia. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.
  4. ^ a b Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Grapholita. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.
  5. ^ Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Pammene account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Apr-19.