Cupaniopsis

Cupaniopsis
Cupaniopsis anacardioides in Wyrrabalong National Park
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Tribe: Cupanieae
Genus: Cupaniopsis
Radlk.[1]
Type species
Cupaniopsis anacardioides[2]
(A.Rich.) Radlk.[2]
Species

See text

Cupaniopsis anacardioides Fruits and foliage
Cupaniopsis baileyana leaves and flowers
Cupaniopsis flagelliformis var. australis seedling
Cupaniopsis newmanii foliage of young specimen
Cupaniopsis wadsworthii flowers

Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 45 species of flowering plants in the family, Sapindaceae and are native to Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Vanuatu, Samoa, Torres Strait Islands, Micronesia and Australia.[1] Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees with paripinnate with small, regular flowers with 5 sepals and petals with 6 to 10 stamens and the fruit a capsule.

Description

Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees, either monoecious or diecious with paripinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs or alternately along the branches, the flowers arranged in leaf axils in raceme-like or panicle-like groups. The flowers are small, have 5 sepals and 5 petals with 6 to 10 stamens, the ovary usually with 3 locules. The fruit is an oval to more or less spherical, slightly fleshy capsule. The seed is elliptical with a thin, cup-shaped aril that usually nearly encloses the seed.[2][3]

Taxonomy

The genus Cupaniopsis was first formally described in 1879 by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer in the journal Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen.[4] The first species he named, the type species, was Cupaniopsis anacardioides. The genus name (Cupaniopsis) means a 'resemblance to the genus Cupania', in turn, named after the Italian monk, Francesco Cupani.[5]

Species list

The following is a list of Cupaniopsis species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at August 2024:[1]

In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema.[6]

Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles[7][8] and the Flora of Australia treatment.[2]

Conservation status

Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species C. crassivalvis has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment.[9]

In Australia, C. shirleyana[10] and C. tomentella[11] are listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and C. cooperorum is listed as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act.[12] C. newmannii is listed as "near threatened" under the same Act.[13] C. serrata is listed as "endangered" in New South Wales under the Biodiversity Conservation Act.[3]

Invasive species

C. anacardioides has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name carrotwood applies.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Cupaniopsis". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d Reynolds, Sally T. "Cupaniopsis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. ^ a b Harden, Gwen J. "Cupaniopsis". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  4. ^ "Cupaniopsis". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  5. ^ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 72. ISBN 9780958034180.
  6. ^ Adema, Frits (1991). "Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae) - A Monograph" (PDF). Leiden Botanical Series. 15: 1–190. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  7. ^ Reynolds, Sally T. (1984). "Notes on Sapindaceae, III". Austrobaileya. 2 (1): 29–64. doi:10.5962/p.365524. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  8. ^ Reynolds, Sally T. (1991). "New Species and Changes in Sapindaceae from Queensland". Austrobaileya. 3 (3): 489–501. doi:10.5962/p.365775. JSTOR 41738788. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  9. ^ "Cupaniopsis crassivalvis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1998. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Approved Conservation Advice for Cupaniopsis shirleyana (Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Approved Conservation Advice for Cupaniopsis tomentella (Boonah Tuckeroo)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  12. ^ "Species profile—Cupaniopsis cooperorum". Queensland Government Department of Education and Science. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Species profile—Cupaniopsis newmanii (long-leaved tuckeroo)". Queensland Government Department of Education and Science. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  14. ^ Enle, Stephen F.; Langeland, Kenneth A. "Invasive Plants in Natural area Weeds: Carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacarioides)". University of Florida - Electronic Data Information Source. Retrieved 10 August 2024.