Coprosma

Coprosma
Coprosma rhamnoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Rubioideae
Tribe: Anthospermeae
Genus: Coprosma
J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Synonyms

Coprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands.[1]

Description

The name Coprosma means "smelling like dung" and refers to the smell (methanethiol) given out by the crushed leaves of a few species.

Many species are small shrubs with tiny evergreen leaves, but a few are small trees and have much larger leaves. The flowers have insignificant petals and are wind-pollinated, with long anthers and stigmas. Most species are dioecious, but some (particularly those native to New Zealand) species can sometimes have individuals with perfect flowers.[2] Natural hybrids are common. The fruit is a non-poisonous juicy berry, most often bright orange (but can be dark red or even light blue), containing two small seeds. The orange fruit of the larger species were eaten by Māori children, and are also popular with birds. It is said that coffee can be made from the seeds, Coprosma being related to the coffee plants. A notable feature (also found in other genera of Rubiaceae) is that the leaves contain hollows in the axils of the veins; in these, and on the leaf stipules, nitrogen-fixing bacteria grow. In addition the hollows, or domatia, encourage certain kinds of mites to take up residence, which feed on and reduce parasitic fungi which attack the leaf.[3]

Species

References

  1. ^ "Coprosma in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae". Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  2. ^ Cantley, J.T.; D. Frohlich; C.T. Martine (2016). "Multiple Records of Monoecy and Leakiness in Dioecious Taxa of Hawaiian Coprosma spp. (Rubiaceae)". Records of the Hawaiian Biological Survey. 118: 9–12. ISSN 2376-3191.
  3. ^ Monks A, O'Connell DM, Lee WG, Bannister JM, KYS, Dickinson JM (2007). "Benefits associated with the domatia mediated tritrophic mutualism in the shrub Coprosma lucida". Oikos. 116 (5): 873–881. Bibcode:2007Oikos.116..873M. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2007.15654.x.
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