Connexionalism

Connexionalism, also spelled connectionalism, is the theological understanding and foundation of Methodist ecclesiastical polity, as practised in the Methodist Church in Britain, Ireland, Caribbean and the Americas, United Methodist Church, Free Methodist Church, African Methodist Episcopal and Episcopal Zion churches, Bible Methodist Connection of Churches, Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, and many of the countries where Methodism was established by missionaries sent out from these churches. It refers to the way in which Methodist churches and other institutions are connected and work together to support one another, share resources, and carry out mission and ministry. The United Methodist Church defines connection as the principle that "all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns."^[1] Accordingly, the primary decision-making bodies in Methodism are conferences, which serve to gather together representatives of various levels of church hierarchy.

In the United Methodist Church and Free Methodist Church, where bishops provide church leadership, connexionalism is a variety of episcopal polity. Many Methodist churches, such as the British Methodist Church, do not have bishops.^[2] In world Methodism, a given connexion (that is, denomination) is usually autonomous.

Etymology

In the 18th century, "connexion" (the period spelling of connection) referred to networks of individuals linked to a person or group, including in political, commercial, and religious spheres.^[3] It was used to denote the Methodist societies connected with the person of John Wesley, and connexion remains the preferred spelling in Britain, the Commonwealth, and Ireland. "Connection" is the spelling historically used American Methodism and by groups descended from the Methodist Episcopal Church.

History

In the history of Christianity in England, a connexion was a circuit of prayer groups who would employ travelling ministers alongside the regular ministers attached to each congregation. This method of organizing emerged in 18th-century English nonconformist religious circles; this is why the archaic spelling (connexion rather than connection) is retained in the British church. The Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion, for instance, was founded by Selina, Countess of Huntingdon. Over time, as Methodism became a separate church, this structure of connexions came to form a new system of polity, separate from episcopal polity.

British and Irish Methodism

Connexional polity in Britain has always been characterized by a strong central organization which holds an annual conference.^[4] The church organisation, referred to as "The Connexion", is divided into districts in the charge of a chair. Methodist districts often correspond approximately, in geographical terms, to counties – as do Church of England dioceses. The districts are divided into circuits governed by the circuit meeting and led and administered principally by a superintendent minister. Ministers are appointed to circuits rather than to individual churches. Most notably, there are no bishops in the British connexion.^[5] The term full connexion is used in Great Britain and in Ireland to refer to presbyters and deacons being "subject to the rules and discipline of the Conference of the Methodist Church", and specifically that they are subject to being stationed (i.e. appointed to ministry in a local circuit) at the direction of the conference.^[6]

American Methodism

Free Methodist churches and United Methodist churches are generally organized on a connexional model, related but not identical to that used in Britain. Pastors are assigned to congregations by bishops, distinguishing it from presbyterian government. Methodist denominations typically give lay members representation at regional and national meetings (conferences) at which the business of the church is conducted,making it different from most episcopal government.^{[citation needed]} This connexional organizational model differs further from the congregational model, for example of Baptist and Congregationalist churches.

References

Footnotes

^ "Connection". Sharing God's Gifts: Glossary of United Methodist Terms. United Methodist Church. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
^ Doe 2013, p. 7.
^ Vickers, John A (2008). "Connexionalism". A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
^ Methodist Conference 1999, p. 52.
^ "The Connexion". London: Methodist Church. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
^ Law and Polity Committee of the Methodist Church 2017, p. 44.

Bibliography

Doe, Norman (2013). Christian Law: Contemporary Principles. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00692-8.
Law and Polity Committee of the Methodist Church (2017). The Constitutional Practice and Discipline of the Methodist Church (PDF). Vol. 2 (rev. 7th ed.). London: Methodist Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85852-440-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
Methodist Conference (1999). Called to Love and Praise: The Nature of the Christian Church in Methodist Experience and Practice (PDF). Retrieved 18 June 2018.