Cocoseae

Cocoseae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Cocoseae
Mart. ex Dumort.
Genera

See text

Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.[1][2]

Description

The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma . The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination.[3] According to Thomas C. Whitmore all Cocosoid palms have inflorescences in which the flowers are in triads (sets of three flowers).[4]

Distribution

The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa (Jubaeopsis and Elaeis) and Madagascar (Beccariophoenix and Voanioala), respectively.

Systematics

The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives (monophylum) in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.

The tribe is divided into three subtribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups

Genera

Subtribe Image Genus Extant species
Beccariophoenicinae J.Dransf. & Uhl Beccariophoenix Jum. & H.Perrier
Butiinae Saakov Allagoptera Nees
Butia (Becc.) Becc (Jelly palms)
Jubaea Kunth
Jubaeopsis Becc.
Cocos L.
Syagrus Mart.
56 species:
Parajubaea Burret
Voanioala J. Dransf.
Attaleinae Drude Attalea Kunth
Elaeidinae Hook.f. Barcella (Trail) Trail ex Drude
Elaeis Jacq.
Bactridinae Drude Acrocomia Mart.
Aiphanes Willd.
29 species:
Astrocaryum G.Mey.
36 species:
Atitara (Trail) Trail ex Drude
Bactris Jacq. ex Scop.
78 species:
Desmoncus (Trail) Trail ex Drude
24 species:

References

  1. ^ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
  2. ^ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
  3. ^ Gunn BF (Feb 2004). "The Phylogeny of the Cocoeae (Arecaceae) with Emphasis on Cocos nucifera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91 (3): 505–522. ISSN 0026-6493.
  4. ^ Heywood Ph.D., Prof. V.H.; et al. (1978). Flowering Plants of the World. New York: Mayflower Books. p. 303. ISBN 0-8317-3400-0.
  5. ^ Canteiro, C. (2021). "Acrocomia totai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T111452251A161420865. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T111452251A161420865.en. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
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