Cochemiea

Cochemiea
Cochemiea macdougallii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Tribe:	Cacteae
Genus:	Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton[1]
Type species
Cochemiea halei
Species
See text.
Synonyms
Mammillaria subg. Cochemiea K.Brandegee, 1897 Neolloydia Britton & Rose

Cochemiea is a genus of cactus.[2] The group was previously synonymized with Mammillaria, until molecular phylogenetic studies determined that—when broadly circumscribed—Mammillaria is not monophyletic; thus, Cochemiea has been accepted as a distinct genus.[3]

The Cactaceae family, as a whole, is the fifth most-endangered plant or animal family taxon, globally, as evaluated by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[4] The reasons for this are varied, ranging from climate change and habitat loss, in some regions, to the illegal harvesting (poaching) of wild cacti for personal collections or sale on the black market, or blatantly sold, as-is, fresh from the wild. As these plants are naturally slow growers, wild cactus growth and reproduction rates may not meet the rate at which certain populations of species are being poached, thus creating gaps in the wild populations and risking complete regional depletion or extinction.

Taxonomy

A 2021 molecular phylogenetic study of the "mammilloid clade", which included the genera Cochemiea, Coryphantha, Cumarinia, Escobaria, Mammillaria, Neolloydia and Ortegocactus, showed that it consisted of four monophyletic groups, which the authors re-circumscribed into four genera: Cumarinia; Mammillaria, with a reduced number of species; Coryphantha, expanded to include species previously placed in Mammillaria and Escobaria; and Cochemiea, expanded to include a large number of species previously placed in Mammillaria, as well as Neolloydia conoidea.[3]

Mammilloid clade	Cumarinia Mammillaria s.s. Coryphantha s.l. Cochemiea s.l.

Species

In 2021, Breslin, Wojciechowski and Majure placed the following species in the genus, some already placed there and some moved from Mammillaria, Neolloydia, Neomammillaria and Ortegocactus.[3] As of December 2022^[update], Plants of the World Online accepted in the genus the species moved by Breslin et al.[2]

Image	Scientific name	Distribution
	Cochemiea albicans (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California)
	Cochemiea angelensis (R.T.Craig) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico
	Cochemiea armillata (K.Brandegee) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California Sur)
	Cochemiea barbata (Engelm.) Doweld	Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango)
	Cochemiea blossfeldiana (Boed.) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Guadalupe, Baja California)
	Cochemiea boolii (G.E.Linds.) P.B.Breslin & Majure,	Mexico (Sonora)
	Cochemiea bullardiana (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure,	Mexico (Baja California)
	Cochemiea capensis (H.E.Gates) Doweld	Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora)
	Cochemiea cerralboa (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja Carlifornia Sur).
	Cochemiea conoidea (DC.) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Texas to NE. Mexico (to Veracruz)
	Cochemiea dioica (K.Brandegee) Doweld	S. California to NW. Mexico
	Cochemiea estebanensis (G.E.Linds.) P.B.Breslin & Majure,	Mexico (Island San Esteban)
	Cochemiea fraileana (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California Sur).
	Cochemiea goodridgei (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California).
	Cochemiea grahamii (Engelm.) Doweld	SE. California to W. Texas and Mexico (Baja California Norte to Chihuahua)
	Cochemiea guelzowiana (Werderm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Durango, Coahuila, Nuevo León)
	Cochemiea halei (K.Brandegee) Walton	Mexico (Baja California)
	Cochemiea hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California)
	Cochemiea insularis (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California)
	Cochemiea macdougallii (Alexander) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Oaxaca)
	Cochemiea mainiae (K.Brandegee) P.B.Breslin & Majure	S. Arizona to NW. Mexico
	Cochemiea maritima H.E.Gates ex. Shurly	Mexico (W. Central Baja California)
	Cochemiea multidigitata (Radley & G.E.Linds.) P.B.Breslin	Mexico (Sonora).
	Cochemiea palmeri (J.M.Coult.) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California)
	Cochemiea phitauiana (E.M.Baxter) Doweld	Mexico (Baja California).
	Cochemiea pondii (Greene) Walton	Mexico (Island Cedros)
	Cochemiea poselgeri (Hildm.) Britton & Rose	Mexico (Baja California Sur)
	Cochemiea saboae (Glass) Doweld	Mexico (E. Sonora, W. Chihuahua)
	Cochemiea schumannii (Hildm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Mexico (Baja California Sur).
	Cochemiea setispina Walton	Mexico (C. Baja California).
	Cochemiea tetrancistra (Engelm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure	SW. U.S.A. to NW. Mexico
	Cochemiea theresae (Cutak) Doweld	Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas).
	Cochemiea thomasii García-Mor. & al.	Mexico (Sinaloa)
	Cochemiea thornberi (Orcutt) P.B.Breslin & Majure	S. Arizona to Mexico (Sonora).
	Cochemiea viridiflora (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure	Arizona to SW. New Mexico.
	Cochemiea wrightii (Engelm.) Doweld	E. Arizona to W. Texas and N. Mexico.

References

1. "Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton", The International Plant Names Index, retrieved 2022-03-05
2. "Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2022-03-05
3. Breslin, Peter B.; Wojciechowski, Martin F. & Majure, Lucas C. (2021), "Molecular phylogeny of the Mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria", Taxon, 70 (2): 308–323, doi:10.1002/tax.12451, S2CID 233885318
4. Goettsch, Bárbara; Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Cruz-Piñón, Gabriela; Duffy, James P.; Frances, Anne; Hernández, Héctor M.; Inger, Richard; Pollock, Caroline; Schipper, Jan; Superina, Mariella; Taylor, Nigel P.; Tognelli, Marcelo; Abba, Agustín M.; Arias, Salvador; Arreola-Nava, Hilda J. (2015-10-05). "High proportion of cactus species threatened with extinction". Nature Plants. 1 (10): 15142. doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.142. hdl:11336/11280. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 27251394.