Adamant creeper sproutsFruit of Cissus quadrangularis
Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial plant of the grape family. It is commonly known as veldt grape, winged treebine[2] or adamant creeper.[3] The species is native to tropical Asia, the Arabian Peninsula and much of Africa.[2]
Description
Cissus quadrangularis reaches a height of 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and has quadrangular-sectioned branches with internodes 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long and 1.2–1.5 cm (0.5–0.6 in) wide. Along each angle is a leathery edge. Toothed trilobe leaves 2–5 cm (0.8–2.0 in) wide appear at the nodes. Each has a tendril emerging from the opposite side of the node. Racemes of small white, yellowish, or greenish flowers; globular berries are red when ripe.
Cissus quadrangularis is an evergreen climber growing to 5 m (16 ft) by .5 m (1.6 ft) at a fast rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 10. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.[4]
Cissus quadrangularis has been used as a medicinal plant since antiquity.[citation needed]Cissus has been used in various Ayurvedic classical medicines to heal broken bones and injured ligaments and tendons.[5] In siddha medicine, it is considered a tonic and analgesic, and is believed to help heal broken bones, thus its name asthisamharaka (that which prevents the destruction of bones). The Assamese people and the Garo tribe of Meghalaya and Bangladesh have used C. quadrangularis for bone fracture.[6]
Experimental studies
C. quadrangularis has been studied for its effects in a rat model for osteoporosis.[7]C. quadrangularis has been studied in animal models of bone fracture.[8]
Its bactericidal effects on Helicobacter pylori indicate a potential use for treating gastric ulcers in conjunction with NSAID therapy.[9]
The enzymatic and an in vitro cell culture study shows the potential anti-inflammatory and inhibitory properties of "cissus quadrangularis".[10]
Furthermore, the plant Cissus Quadrangularis may be used in many biomedical applications. The synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles has indicated the presence of phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoid. The synthesis uses plant extract and characterization . [11]
^Jainu, M.; Mohan, K. V.; Devi, C. S. S. (2006). "Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 104 (3): 302–5. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.076. PMID16338111.
^Bhujade, Arti (2012). "Evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis extracts as an inhibitor of COX, 5-LOX, and proinflammatory mediators". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 141 (3): 986–96. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.044. PMID22484053.
^{{cite journal | journal = Journal of Nanomaterials | date = 2021 | pages = 11 | title = Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Cissus quadrangularis-Assisted Copper Oxide | url = https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5742981 | access-date = 2024-11-01
Austin, A. Jegadeesan, M. Gowrishankar, R. (2004) "Helicobactericidal Activity of Cissus quadrangularis L. Variant I"; Natural Product Sciences 10 (5): 217–219. Korean Society of Pharmacognosy.
Chopra SS, Patel MR, Awadhiya R (1976). "Studies of Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair: a histopathological study". Indian Journal of Medical Research. 64 (9): 1365–1368. PMID1010630.
Analysis of the effect of Asthishrinkhla Kandaswarasa [stem juice of Cissus quadrangularis] in fracture healing in a rat model 'Dr. Deepanshu K. Mishra, Prof. Sanjeev Sharma, R.G.G.P.G. Ayu. College - Paprola' Prof. V.K. Gupta, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Vet. and Animal sciences - Palampur - Dec. 2010.
