Census in Indonesia

Censuses in Indonesia are censuses of Indonesia's population, agriculture, and economy conducted by Statistics Indonesia. The first census after independence was held in 1961.

Legal basis

Law No. 16 of 1997 on Statistics governs the census in Indonesia.[1] The law mandates that three types of censuses be held at least every ten years: a population census, an agricultural census, and an economic census.[2] These censuses are administered by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik), a government agency directly responsible to the President of Indonesia.[3] Government Ordinance No. 51 of 1999 on Statistical Administration further stipulates that population censuses are held on years ending with zero, agricultural censuses are held on years ending with three, and economic censuses are held on years ending with six.[4]

History

Rulers throughout Indonesia's history mostly used censuses for taxation purposes. This association and the counting of households rather than individuals in earlier censuses make their figures highly unreliable.[5]

Censuses in the colonial period

Further information: Census in the Dutch East Indies

Sebastiaan Cornelis Nederburgh, the former Commissioner-General of the Dutch Cape Colony, organized the first formal census of Java in 1795.[6] Between 1880 and 1905, the Dutch East Indies conducted partial population counts every five years, with most of the data being limited to Java.[7] This was later followed by full censuses in 1920 and 1930. A third full census was planned for 1940 but was cancelled because of Japanese occupation of the Indies during World War II.[6]

Population census

See also: Demographics of Indonesia

After gaining independence, Indonesia did not hold its first census until 1961. The census was incomplete, however, and many of the detailed results have been lost.[6]

Year	Total population	Change in population	World population ranking	Most populous province	Least populous province	Ref(s)
1961	97,018,829	—	5	East Java (21,823,020)	Central Kalimantan (496,522)	[8][9]
1971	119,208,229	22.9%	5	East Java (25,516,999)	Bengkulu (519,316)	[10]
1980	147,490,298	23.7%	5	East Java (29,188,852)	Bengkulu (768,064)	[10]
1990	179,378,946	21.6%	5	West Java (35,384,352)	Bengkulu (1,179,122)	[10]
2000	206,264,595	15.0%	4	West Java (35,729,537)	North Maluku (785,059)	[10]
2010	237,641,326	15.2%	4	West Java (43,053,732)	West Papua (760,422)	[10]
2020	270,203,917	13.7%	4	West Java (48,274,162)	North Kalimantan (701,814)	[11]

Agricultural census

See also: Agriculture in Indonesia

Economic census

See also: Economy of Indonesia

References

Citations

1. FAO 2019, p. 165.
2. Law No. 16 of 1997, Art. 8, cl. 1.
3. Law No. 16 of 1997, Art. 1, cl. 11; Art. 28, cl. 1.
4. Govt. Ord. No. 51 of 1999, Art. 3, cl. 2.
5. Cribb & Kahin 2004, p. 71.
6. Kahin 2015, p. 85.
7. Nitisastro 2006, p. 7.
8. Nitisastro 2006, p. 168.
9. Nitisastro 2006, p. 169.
10. Statistics Indonesia 2021a.
11. Statistics Indonesia 2021b, p. 18.

Statutes and regulations

• Pelaksanaan Sensus Penduduk [Execution of the Population Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 21) (in Indonesian). 1979.
• Pelaksanaan Sensus Penduduk 1971 [Execution of the 1971 Population Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 29) (in Indonesian). 1970.
• Pelaksanaan Sensus Pertanian 1973 [Execution of the 1973 Agricultural Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 40) (in Indonesian). 1973.
• Penyelenggaraan Sensus Penduduk 1961 [Administration of the 1961 Population Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 49) (in Indonesian). 1960.
• Penyelenggaraan Sensus Perindustrian [Administration of the Industrial Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 16) (in Indonesian). 1964.
• Penyelenggaraan Sensus Pertanian [Administration of the Agricultural Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 46) (in Indonesian). 1963.
• Penyelenggaraan Statistik [Statistical Administration] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 51) (in Indonesian). 1999.
• Sensus [The Census] (PDF) (Law 6) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council of Mutual Aid. 1960.
• Sensus Ekonomi [The Economic Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 29) (in Indonesian). 1985.
• Sensus Pertanian [The Agricultural Census] (PDF) (Government Ordinance 2) (in Indonesian). 1983.
• Statistik [Statistics] (PDF) (Law 16) (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council. 1997.

Bibliography

• Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.
• Kahin, Audrey (2015). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7195-3.
• Nitisastro, Widjojo (2006) [1970]. Population Trends in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-3780-43-6.
• "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Statistics Indonesia. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
• Potret Sensus Penduduk 2020: Menuju Satu Data Kependudukan Indonesia [A Portrait of the 2020 Population Census: Towards One Indonesian Population Data] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 2021. ISBN 978-602-438-407-4.
• World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010: Main Results and Metadata by Country (2006–2015) (PDF). FAO Statistical Development Series. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 2019. ISBN 978-92-5-131950-5. ISSN 1014-3378.

External links

• Census web portal by Statistics Indonesia