These plants have erect stems which are unbranched or have few branches and grow 10 centimeters (4 inches) to well over 100 centimeters (40 inches) in height. The leaves are mostly opposite, but on the upper stem they may be alternately arranged. The cylindrical flower heads are just a few millimeters wide and are arranged in narrow or spikelikeinflorescences. They contain 8 to 12 greenish or whitish disc florets. The fruit is a cypsela with a pappus of several plumelike bristles or scales.[5]
^Breedlove, D.E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Florísticos de México 4: i–v, 1–246
^Berendsohn, W.G. & A.E. Araniva de González. 1989. Listado básico de la Flora Salvadorensis: Dicotyledonae, Sympetalae (pro parte): Labiatae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Compositae. Cuscatlania 1(3): 290–1–290–13
^Williams, L. O. 1976. Tribe II, Eupatorieae. En: D. L. Nash & L. O. Williams (Eds), Flora of Guatemala - Part XII. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(12): 32–128, 466–482
