Californiconus californicus

Californiconus californicus
Apertural view of shell of Californiconus californicus (Hinds in Reeve, 1844), measuring 29.1 mm in height, collected at low tide in Huntington Beach, California.
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Californiconus
Species:	C. californicus
Binomial name
Californiconus californicus (Hinds in Reeve, 1844)
Synonyms[2]
Conus californicus Reeve, 1844 † Conus californicus fossilis Oldroyd, 1921 Conus ravus Gould, 1853

Californiconus californicus, commonly called the Californian cone, is a species of small, predatory sea snail in the family Conidae, the cone snails.[2]

As both the scientific and common names suggest, this cone is found along the Californian coast.

Distribution and habitat

This small cone snail is unusual, in that most cone snail species are tropical, whereas this species lives in the cooler, temperate waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, including most of the coast of California.[3] The range of this species is from the Farallon Islands near San Francisco to Bahia Magdalena, in Baja California, Mexico. [1]

This cone is found in both rocky and sandy areas, in the intertidal zone, and subtidally down to 30 meters depth. [2]

Shell description

This shell is distinguished by its grayish-brown color and thick periostracum. It is round-shouldered with the aperture broader at the base. The spire is flat-sided, and the height of the shell ranges from 25–40 mm.[4]

Feeding habits

The California cone hunts and eats marine worms, fish, and other mollusks. It is also a scavenger.[3]

Gallery

• 
  A live individual of the California cone, Californiconus californicus, anterior end towards the right
• 
  Californiconus californicus Reeve, L.A., 1844
• 
  Californiconus californicus Reeve, L.A., 1844
• 
  Californiconus californicus Reeve, L.A., 1844

Fossil record

Fossils of Californiconus californicus have been recovered from the Late Pleistocene strata of Isla Vista, California.[5]

References

1. Tenorio, M.J. (2013). "Californiconus californicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T192254A2061473. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192254A2061473.en. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
2. Conus californicus Reeve, 1844. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 27 March 2010.
3. Stewart J. & Gilly W. F. (October 2005). "Piscivorous Behavior of a Temperate Cone Snail, Conus californicus". Biological Bulletin 209: 146–153. full text.
4. McLean, James H., 1978 Marine Shells of Southern California, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Museum, Science Series 24, 51–52.
5. McMenamin, M. A. S. (1984). "Conus californicus from the Late Pleistocene of Isla Vista, California". Bulletin of the Southern California Paleontological Society. 16 (1&2): 9.

• Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp.
• Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23

External links

• Cone Shells – Knights of the Sea Archived 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
• "Californiconus californicus". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019.