Buccinulum are small to medium-sized marine snails.[5][6] Species vary significantly in shell sculpture and colouration[5] and can be difficult to distinguish from one another.[6]
Distribution
The majority of extant and fossil species are from New Zealand.[7][8] Most species are commonly abundant within the intertidal and shallow subtidal zone of New Zealand beaches.[5][6]
Evolution
Buccinulum is closely related to the genus Aeneator.[4][6]
Cladogram of Austrosiphonidae and Tudiclidae[4][3][9][10]
^ abcdefghiVaux, Felix; Hills, Simon F.K.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2017). "A phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and concordance with the fossil record". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 114 (2017): 367–381. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.018. PMID28669812.
^ abcWillan, R.C., de C. Cook, S., Spencer, H.G., Creese, R.G., O’Shea, S., Jackson, G.D. Phylum Mollusca. In: de C. Cook, S.C. (eds.), New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates 1, 396 – 401. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand ISBN978-1877257-60-5
^Vaux, Felix; Crampton, James S.C.; Trewick, Steven A.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Beu, Alan G.; Hills, Simon F.K.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2018). "Evolutionary lineages of marine snails identified using molecular phylogenetics and geometric morphometric analysis of shells". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127 (October 2018): 626–637. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.009. PMID29913310. S2CID49303166.
^Hayashi, Seiji (2005). "The molecular phylogeny of the Buccinidae (Caenogastropoda: Neogastropoda) as inferred from the complete mitochondrial 16s rRNA gene sequences of selected representatives". Molluscan Research. 25: 85–98.
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