Brachyta interrogationis

Brachyta interrogationis
Yellow form
Female, black form
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Cucujiformia
Family:	Cerambycidae
Genus:	Brachyta
Species:	B. interrogationis
Binomial name
Brachyta interrogationis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms[1]
List Brachyta altaiensis Pic, 1900 Brachyta externereducta Pic, 1926 Brachyta immaculatus Pic, 1934 Brachyta kraatzi Ganglbauer, 1889 Brachyta mulsanti Pic, 1934 Brachyta multiguttatus Pic, 1934 Brachyta plavilstshikovi Pic, 1934 Brachyta prescutellaris Pic, 1934 Brachyta reducta Pic, 1926 Brachyta suturalis Pic, 1926 Evodinus dorensis Pic, 1933 Evodinus mannerheimi Motschulsky, 1860 Evodinus mesmini Pic, 1933 Evodinus milliati Pic, 1934 Evodinus modanensis Pic, 1933 Evodinus perroudi Pic, 1933 Evodinus subinterruptus Pic, 1934 Leptura duodecimmaculata Fabricius, 1781 Leptura interrogationis Linnaeus, 1758 Leptura marginella Fabricius, 1792 Leptura russica Herbst, 1784 Pachyta 12-maculata Pachyta 12-maculata var. bimaculata Mulsant, 1839 Pachyta 12-maculata var. ebenina Mulsant, 1839 Pachyta bimaculata Mulsant, 1839 Pachyta bioculata Kraatz, 1879 Pachyta cruciata Kraatz, 1879 Pachyta crucifera Kraatz, 1879 Pachyta curvilineata Mulsant, 1839 Pachyta ebenina Mulsant, 1839 Pachyta flavolineata Mulsant, 1839 Pachyta marginalis Motschulsky, 1875 Pachyta obsidiana Motschulsky, 1875

Brachyta interrogationis is the species of the Lepturinae subfamily in Cerambycidae family.[2] This species was described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae under the name Leptura interrogationis.[3]

Subspecies

• Brachyta interrogationis interrogationis Linnaeus, 1758
• Brachyta interrogationis duodecimmaculata Fabricius, 1781
• Brachyta interrogationis ebenina Mulsant, 1839
• Brachyta interrogationis eitschbergeri Danilevsky & Peks, 2015
• Brachyta interrogationis gabzdili Danilevsky & Peks, 2016
• Brachyta interrogationis lederi Lazarev, 2011
• Brachyta interrogationis mannerheimii Motschulsky, 1860
• Brachyta interrogationis marginella Fabricius, 1793
• Brachyta interrogationis miroshnikovi Lazarev, 2011
• Brachyta interrogationis russica Herbst, 1784
• Brachyta interrogationis shapsugorum Lazarev, 2011:
• Brachyta interrogationis zubovi Lazarev, 2016

Distribution

This species mainly occurs in Central Europe (Austria, Northern Czech Republic, Finland, France, Eastern Germany, Northern Italy, Norway, Southern Poland, Eastern Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland),[2] Caucasus,[4] east to Western Russia,[5] Kazakhstan, Siberia, Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea and Japan.[6]

Habitat

In Europe, this species is boreal-mountainous, reaching south to the Italian and French Alps, and north to the Arctic Circle. In the Alps, these beetles can be found at elevations up to 2700 meters above sea level.

Description

Brachyta interrogationis can reach approximately a body length of 9–19 millimetres (0.35–0.75 in).[4] They have a black body. Pronotum is convex, with dense punctuation. Also head, thorax and legs are black. Legs are relatively long and slender. The elytra are characterized by a very high variability[7] and more than 150 varietas have been described.[8] Sometimes the elitra are completely black or completely yellow, but usually they are brownish-yellow, with black spots on scutellum, two longitudinal black arcuate bands, and black spots on the sides and on the apex. Antennae are composed by 5-11 segments.[9]

Biology

The adult beetles can be seen on flowers from around May to August.[4] They mainly feed on leaves, petals and pollen of flowers of wood cranesbill,[2][4] but also on wild angelica (Angelica sylvestris), Anemone, plumeless thistles (Carduus species), hogweed (Heracleum species), Bupleurum species, peony and spurge (Euphorbia species).[4][10][9]

The larva develop in the soil, feeding on roots of grasses and other perennial plants. in which they dig longitudinal galleries. The development time from larva to imago takes one to two years.[4] Then they form a pupation chamber, from which the imago leaves in May and June.

References

1. Catalogue of life
2. BioLib Taxon profile — species Brachyta interrogationis (Linnaeus, 1758)
3. Carl Linnaeus: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, regnum animale, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentiis synonymis, locis. Ed. X. Stockholm: Holmiae, 1758, s. 398
4. M. Hoskovec, P. Jelinek, M. Rejzek Cerambycidae - Longhorn beetles of the West Palearctic Region
5. Fauna europaea
6. Vitali F.: Worldwide Cerambycoidea Photo Gallery
7. Le monde des insectes (in French)
8. New subspecies of Brachyta interrogationis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Caucasus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2011
9. Svatopluk Bílý, O. Mehl Longhorn Beetles - Coleoptera, Cerambycidae - Of Fennoscandia and Denmark
10. G Galina Borisovna Danilevskaya, Mikhail Leontievich Danilevsky, Karl Hadulla, Andrey Mikhailovich Shapovalov & Yaheita Yokoi Cerambycidae collected in North-East Kazakhstan by an international collecting trip 2005 (Coleoptera), Entomologische Zeitschrift · Stuttgart · 119 (4) 20

External links

• Bewetles (Coleoptera) and Coleopterologists