Aulla

Aulla
Aulla
Comune
	Comune di Aulla
	Panorama of Aulla
	Coat of arms
	Location of Aulla
	Aulla Location of Aulla in Italy Aulla Aulla (Tuscany)
	Coordinates: 44°13′N 09°58′E / 44.217°N 9.967°E
Country	Italy
Region	Tuscany
Province	Massa and Carrara
Government
• Mayor	Roberto Valettini
Area
• Total	5,999 km2 (2,316 sq mi)
Elevation	64 m (210 ft)
Population (30 June 2017)
• Total	11,065
• Density	1.8/km2 (4.8/sq mi)
Demonym	Aullesi
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	54011
Dialing code	0187
Patron saint	St. Caprasius
Website	Official website

Aulla is a comune in the province of Massa and Carrara, Tuscany, central Italy. It is located in the valley of the River Magra.

Geology

In 1977, the Italian geologist Augusto Azzaroli discovered a series of mammal rests with a correlated fauna in the adjacent locality of Olivola. The so-called Olivola Conglomerates dated back to the late Villafranchian age (1.0 to 3.5 million years ago).^[3]

In the following year, a first level of continental sedimentary remains was found at a depth of 250 metres, with the following archaic tree species: Taxodium, Sequoia, Magnolia, Symplocos and Sapotaceae. In Europe, these species are usually dated to the pre-Pleistocene (over 2.5 million years ago). Their presence confirmed the hypothesis of a temperate to warm climate.^[3]^[4]

Deer fossils have also been found in Aulla, from the Procaproleus causanus and Pseudodama pardinensis lyra species which in the Western Europe "are characteristic of the mammal assemblages of the Early [Villafranchian" period (3.5-1.0 Ma). These animal fossils contrast with the oldest and deepest strata of sedimentary deposits and the so-called Olivola Conglomerates. Some researchers supposed they didn't originate in this area, given that fossils referred to the Villafranchian age are relatively common in Italy.^{[clarification needed]}^[3]

History

The walls of the Brunella Fortress above Aulla

Traces of Roman and Etruscan civilizations found in the church of the Abbey of San Caprasio indicate that there were settlements in Aulla long before the 8th century CE, when margrave Adalbert I of Tuscany founded a village and built a castle to accommodate pilgrims traveling the via Francigena.^[5] Here, at Aguilla Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, sojourned on his return journey from Rome about 990.^[6] The Malaspina family wrested feudal power of the city and its contada from the domination of the bishops and dukes of Luni. In 1543 the Centurione family purchased it. They built the Brunella Fortress [it], which was bought in the early 20th century by Aubrey and Lina Waterfield, and remains privately owned, functioning as a museum of natural history for the Lunigiana region. One of the most important buildings of the town is the Abbey of San Caprasio that was founded in the 9th century and named after Saint Caprasius of Lérins, whose body was transferred to Aulla in the 10th century.

In 1943, the historic center of Aulla was destroyed by Anglo-American bombings aimed at German troops stationed there during the Second World War. By the end of the war large sections of the city were obliterated by Anglo-American bombings which sought to destroy the town's key railroad network and gunpowder manufacturing plant. A replica of an unexploded bomb is preserved in the former abbey of San Caprasio, which is now a museum.

In April 1945 the 442nd Infantry Regiment (United States), aided by a significantly strong Italian partisan fighting force, liberated the city of Aulla, after fierce battles with retreating German troops.

On 8 April 2020, a 260 metre long road bridge at Albiano Magra near Aulla collapsed into the River Magra. The traffic on the bridge was unusually light due to the coronavirus lockdown then in force, and the collapse resulted in only minor injuries to two casualties.^[7]^[8]

Sister cities

Villerupt, France

References

^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ABBAZZI, LAURA; FICCARELLI, GIOVANNI; TORRE, DANILO (2017). "Deer fauna from the Aulla quarry (Val Di Magra, Northern Apennines). Biochronological remarks". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 101 (3). University of Milan: 341–342. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/8591. ISSN 0035-6883.
^ Bertoldi, Remo (June 1988). "Una sequenza palinologica di età rusciniana nei sedimenti lacustri basali di Aulla-Olivola (Val Di Magra)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (in Italian and English). 94 (1). OCLC 8580329749. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020.
^ Geo Pistarino, Una fonte medievale falsa e il suo presunto autore (University of Genoa, 1958) demonstrated in detail that the notorious "cartulary of Aulla", supposedly drawn up at the end of the thirteenth century, was in fact a forgery by Alfonso Ceccarelli, who was executed for other forgeries in 1583.
^ F. P. Magoun, Jr., "The Italian Itinerary of Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) in the Year 1191" Speculum 17.3 (July 1942;367-376) p. 373. Magoun notes that Philip Augustus of France may have stopped here on his more leisurely northward journey in 1191, but the possibly corresponding entry in his itinerary is unclear.
^ "Lockdown keeps casualty figure low as Italian bridge collapses". The Guardian. London. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
^ "Bridge Collapses in Italy, Newest Crumbling Infrastructure". The New York Times. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.