en August Dvorak

August Dvorak
August Dvorak
Born	May 5, 1894; Glencoe, Minnesota, U.S.
Died	October 9, 1975 (aged 81); Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Occupation(s)	Psychologist, Professor, Designer
Spouse	Hermione D. Dvorak
Children	3 daughters
Relatives	John C. Dvorak (nephew)

August Dvorak (May 5, 1894 – October 9, 1975)^[1]^[2] was an American educational psychologist and professor of education^[3] at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington.^[4] He and his brother-in-law, William Dealey, are best known for creating the Dvorak keyboard layout in the 1930s as a replacement for the QWERTY keyboard layout.

While his name is pronounced [ˈdvor̝aːk], with the ř roughly as a simultaneous trilled [r] and [ʒ] due to him being of Czech descent, Dvorak's family in the U.S. pronounces it /ˈdvɔːræk/, with an English r.^[5]^[6]

Keyboard development

In the 1940s, Dvorak designed keyboard layouts for people with the use of one hand.^[7]

Dvorak and Dealey, together with Nellie Merrick and Gertrude Ford, wrote the book Typewriting Behavior, published in 1936. The book is an in-depth report on the psychology and physiology of typing.

Military service

Dvorak served with the American Army Field Artillery during the punitive expedition against Pancho Villa and was wounded during the campaign. Afterward he was discharged and enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve, teaching mathematics and navigation until World War I, during which he served aboard the captured German privateer USS Callao bringing troops home until his discharge in 1919.^[8] Later, he was the captain of a Gato-class submarine in the United States Navy during World War II.^[6]

Life and family

Dr. August Dvorak died in Seattle on October 9, 1975.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Written at Seattle. "Simplified typewriter inventor dies". The Press Democrat. Santa Rosa, California. UPI. October 15, 1975. p. 37. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
^ Cassingham, R. C. (1986). The Dvorak Keyboard. Freelance Communications. ISBN 0-935309-10-1. Page 5.
^ Cassingham, page 32.
^ Dvorak, August et al. (1936). Typewriting Behavior. American Book Company. Title page.
^ Cassingham, page 15.
^ ^a ^b Pournelle, Jerry (September 1985). "PC, Peripherals, Programs, and People". BYTE. p. 347. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
^ The first such machine built in accordance with Dvorak's one-handed layout was designed and constructed by Martin Tytell, also known as "Mr. Typewriter", of New York City. Kursh, Harry. Mechanix Illustrated, January 1951, pp. 74 et seq. See Meet Mr. Typewriter Archived 2009-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
^ "War Service Records of Enlisted Men". The Phi Delta Kappan. 6 (2): 16–18. January 1, 1923. JSTOR 20257337.