Arthur Sidgwick

Arthur Sidgwick, 1896 lithograph

Arthur Sidgwick (1840–1920) was an English classical scholar who had an early career as a schoolteacher.[1] Despite his self-deprecating remark "in erudition I am naught", he is considered a great teacher of ancient Greek poetry.[2] He also became an important figure in the advancement of female education at the University of Oxford.

The early life

The fourth son and fifth child of the Rev. William Sidgwick (died 1841) and his wife Mary Crofts, he was born at Skipton, Yorkshire; Henry Sidgwick was his older brother.[3] He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1859, and graduating B.A. as second classic in 1863. He was President of the Cambridge Union in 1863.[1] As was Henry, he was elected to the Cambridge Apostles. They tried, but failed, to have F. W. H. Myers elected also.[4]

The Rugby revolt

A Fellow of Trinity College from 1864 to 1879, Sidgwick was for that period an assistant master to Rugby School, invited to return by Frederick Temple, headmaster at the end of his time as a pupil there.[3][5] He clashed with Henry Hayman, the headmaster of Rugby.[6][7] With Henry Lee Warner (1842–1925) as an ally, Sidgwick organised a significant resistance to the incoming Hayman's authority. There followed a furore in 1873–4.[8] It saw Hayman ousted after trying to sack Sidgwick and Charles James Eliseo Smith (1835–1900).[6]

At Oxford

In 1879, Sidgwick became a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.[5] He stood out among the generally orthodox, conservative classics dons as a Liberal, as did the radical Thomas Collins Snow. He pioneered, with Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland, undergraduate study groups to raise awareness of current affairs.[9]

Gilbert Murray arrived as an Oxford undergraduate in 1884, and Sidgwick became a father figure to him.[10] In his autobiography, after noting the continuity with school, Murray wrote: "Sidgwick was a great exception. So was one of the St John's fellows, T. C. Snow".[11] He enjoyed the chance to discuss liberal politics freely;[2] and Stapleton writes that Murray's vision of "an alliance between classical scholarship and liberalism" was inspired by Sidgwick.[12] It was at an 1887 picnic organised by the Sidgwicks that Murray met Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle, his future mother-in-law.[13]

Sidgwick was an educational reformer.[14] He was secretary of Oxford's Association for the Education of Women from 1882 to 1907, then becoming its president.[15] There he worked with Bertha Johnson and Annie Rogers.[3] In 1893 he argued in favour of women being allowed to serve on educational governing bodies.[16] A long-time suffragist, he was also influential in the 1920 decision by the University of Oxford to grant degrees to women.[3]

An anti-imperialist, Sidgwick was president of the Oxford Liberal Association for 28 years. He belonged to the local group of Positivists, centred on Richard Congreve at Wadham College. He was also allied to the Manchester Guardian's supporters, typefied by his friend Leonard Hobhouse; and helped C. P. Scott recruit Hobhouse to the newspaper in 1897.[17]

Works

  • Introduction to Greek Prose Composition (1876), a standard work that went through many editions.[18][19]
  • Form Discipline (1886)[20]
  • Henry Sidgwick, Miscellaneous Essays and Addresses (1904), editor with Eleanor Sidgwick[21]
  • Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir (1906), with Eleanor Sidgwick[22]

Editions

  • Homer's Iliad books i. ii. (1887)[23]
  • Aeschylus. Choephoroi (1884)[24]

Family

Sidgwick married in 1873, in the hiatus from teaching at Rugby School caused by his quarrel with Hayman, Charlotte Sophia Wilson, sister of James Maurice Wilson, a colleague on the teaching staff. Their five children included Rose Sidgwick and the publisher Frank Sidgwick.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Sidgwick, Arthur (SGWK859A)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ a b West, Francis (1984). Gilbert Murray, a Life. Croom Helm. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-312-32720-0.
  3. ^ a b c d e Howarth, Janet. "Sidgwick, Arthur (1840–1920)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48597. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ Schultz, Bart (7 June 2004). Henry Sidgwick - Eye of the Universe: An Intellectual Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-139-45392-9.
  5. ^ a b Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Sidgwick, Arthur" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
  6. ^ a b Curthoys, M. C. "Hayman, Henry (1823–1904)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33777. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Smith, Charles James Eliseo (SMT855CJ)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  8. ^ Lubenow, W. C. (29 October 1998). The Cambridge Apostles, 1820-1914: Liberalism, Imagination, and Friendship in British Intellectual and Professional Life. Cambridge University Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-521-57213-2.
  9. ^ Kadish, Alon (30 November 2010). Historians, Economists, and Economic History (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-136-82671-9.
  10. ^ West, Francis (1984). Gilbert Murray, a Life. Croom Helm. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-312-32720-0.
  11. ^ Murray, Gilbert (1960). Gilbert Murray: An Unfinished Autobiography, with Contributions by His Friends. Allen and Unwin. p. 88.
  12. ^ Stray, Christopher (12 July 2007). Gilbert Murray Reassessed: Hellenism, Theatre, and International Politics. OUP Oxford. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-19-152609-1.
  13. ^ Wilson, Sir Duncan (1987). Gilbert Murray, OM, 1866-1957. Clarendon Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-19-211781-6.
  14. ^ Gagel, Amanda (26 October 2016). Selected Letters of Vernon Lee, 1856 - 1935: Volume I, 1865-1884. Taylor & Francis. p. 316 note 3. ISBN 978-1-134-97673-7.
  15. ^ Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (2008). Chemistry was Their Life: Pioneering British Women Chemists, 1880-1949. World Scientific. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-86094-986-9.
  16. ^ Goodman, Joyce; Harrop, Sylvia (1 November 2002). Women, Educational Policy-Making and Administration in England: Authoritative Women Since 1800. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-134-63969-4.
  17. ^ Symonds, Richard (11 June 1986). Oxford and Empire: The Last Lost Cause?. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 83, 89, 94. ISBN 978-0-333-40206-1.
  18. ^ Sidgwick, Arthur (1876). Introduction to Greek prose composition, with exercises. Rivingtons.
  19. ^ Holmes, Oliver Wendell, (Jr.); Frankfurter, Felix (1996). Holmes and Frankfurter: Their Correspondence, 1912-1934. UPNE. p. 43 note 4. ISBN 978-0-87451-758-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ Sidgwick, Arthur (1886). Form Discipline. A Lecture Delivered for the Teachers' Training Syndicate at Cambridge February 1886.
  21. ^ Sidgwick, Henry; Sidgwick, Arthur (1904). Miscellaneous Essays and Addresses. Macmillan and Co.
  22. ^ Sidgwick, Arthur; Sidgwick, Eleanor Mildred (1906). Henry Sidgwick: A Memoir. Macmillan.
  23. ^ Sidgwick, Arthur, ed. (1877). Homer's Iliad, books i. ii. London [Edinburgh printed].
  24. ^ Sidgwick, Arthur, ed. (1884). Aeschylus. Choephoroi.