Anthrax (fly)

Anthrax
Anthrax anthrax
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Bombyliidae
Tribe:	Anthracini
Genus:	Anthrax Scopoli, 1763
Type species
Musca anthrax Schrank 1781[1]
Synonyms
Antrax Macquart, 1847[2] Anthax Scudder, 1882[3] Chalcamoeba Sack, 1909[4] Chrysamoeba Sack, 1909[4]

Anthrax is a genus of bombyliid flies, commonly known as "bee-flies" due to their resemblance to bees. Most are dull black flies, and are usually small to medium in size, 4–20 millimetres (0.2–0.8 in), and many species have striking wing patterns.[5]

Anthrax is a very large genus. While worldwide in distribution, most species are from the Palaearctic and Afrotropic regions. The genus includes species parasitic on tiger beetles – an unusual trait among the bee-flies. A. anthrax larvae parasitize bees. Many North American species parasitize solitary wasps.[6][7]

The type species is Musca morio Linnaeus, 1758, later found to be a misidentification of Musca anthrax Schrank, 1781.[8]

Species

Anthrax flies often hover around people and land on them.[6] This one, a member of A. oedipus or a similar species, landed repeatedly on the photographer's jeans.

Early conception of the genus Anthrax sensu Meigen.Plate from Johann Wilhelm Meigen Europäischen Zweiflügeligen.The genus is now much more restricted Only one species depicted in this plate is still in Anthrax

• Anthrax actuosus Paramonov, 1935[9]
• Anthrax alagoezicus Paramonov, 1935[9]
• Anthrax albofasciatus Macquart, 1840[10]
• Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry, 2013[11]
• Anthrax analis Say, 1823[12]
• Anthrax anthrax (Schrank, 1781)[1]
• Anthrax argentatus (Cole, 1919)
• Anthrax artemesia Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax atriplex Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax aureosquamosus Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax bezzianus Paramonov, 1935[9]
• Anthrax binotatus Wiedemann in Meigen 1820[15]
• Anthrax bowdeni Báez, 1983
• Anthrax cascadensis Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax cathetodaithmos Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax chaparralus Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax chionostigma Tsacas, 1962
• Anthrax cintalapa Cole, 1957
• Anthrax columbiensis Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax cybele (Coquillett, 1894)
• Anthrax dentata Becker, 1907
• Anthrax distigma Wiedemann, 1828
• Anthrax francoisi Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999[7]
• Anthrax gideon Fabricius, 1805
• Anthrax giselae François, 1966
• Anthrax greatheadi El-Hawagry, 1998
• Anthrax innublipennis Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax irroratus Say, 1823[12]
• Anthrax johanni Zaitzev, 1997
• Anthrax koebelei Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax larrea Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax laticellus Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax melanopogon (Becker, 1892)
• Anthrax moursyi El-Hawagry, 1998
• Anthrax nidicola Cole, 1952
• Anthrax nigriventris Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax nitidus Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax oedipus Fabricius, 1805
• Anthrax painteri Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax pauper (Loew, 1869)[16]
• Anthrax pelopeius François, 1966
• Anthrax picea Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax pilosulus Strobl, 1902
• Anthrax plesius (Curran, 1927)
• Anthrax pluricellus Williston, 1901
• Anthrax pluto Wiedemann, 1828[17]
• Anthrax punctulatus Macquart, 1835
• Anthrax seriepunctatus (Osten Sacken, 1886)[18]
• Anthrax slossonae (Johnson, 1913)
• Anthrax snowi Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax stellans (Loew, 1869)[16]
• Anthrax sticticus Klug, 1832
• Anthrax striatipennis Marston, 1970[14]
• Anthrax trifasciatus Meigen, 1804
• Anthrax vallicola Marston, 1963[13]
• Anthrax varius Fabricius, 1794
• Anthrax virgo Egger, 1859
• Anthrax zohrayensis El-Hawagry, 2002
• Anthrax zonabriphagus (Portchinsky, 1895

References

1. Schrank, F. von Paula (1781). Envmeratio insectorvm Avstriae indigenorum. Augustae Vindelicorum [=Augsburg]: Eberhardi Klett et Franck. pp. xxiv + 548 + [4] pp., 4 pls. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
2. Macquart, P.J.M. (1847). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 2.e supplement. Paris: Roret. pp. 104 pp, 6 pls.
3. Scudder, S. H. (1882). "Nomenclator zoologicus. Part 1. Supplemental list of genera in zoology". Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 19 (1): xxi + 367. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
4. Sack, P. (1909). "Die palaearktischen Spongostylinen". Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 30: 501–548. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
5. F. M. Hull (1973). Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 1–687. ISBN 0-87474-131-9.
6. Eaton, Eric R.; Kaufman, Kenn (2007). Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America. Houghton Mifflin. p. 292. ISBN 978-0-618-15310-7.
7. Evenhuis, N.L.; Greathead, D.J (1999). World catalog of the bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. pp. xlviii + 756 pp. ISBN 90-5782-039-0. OCLC 248444103. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
8. Magdi S. El-Hawagry; Aly A. El-Moursy; Francis Gilbert; Samy Zalat (2000). "The tribe Anthracini Latreille (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Egypt" (PDF). Egyptian Journal of Biology. 2: 97–117.
9. Paramonov, S.J. (1935). "Beiträge zur Monographie der Gattung Anthrax (Bombyliidae) [I]". Zbirnik Prats Zoologichnogo Muzeyu Ukrain'ska Akademya Nauk. 16: 3–31.
10. Macquart, P.J.M. (1840). Diptères exotiques nouveauxou peu connus. Tome deuxieme.--1er partie. Paris: Roret. pp. 135 pp., 21 pls.
11. El-Hawagry; Khalil; Sharaf; Fadl; Aldawood (2013). "A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species". ZooKeys (274): 1–88. doi:10.3897/zookeys.274.4529. PMC 3677392. PMID 23794807.
12. Say, Thomas (1823). "Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 3: 73–104. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
13. Marston, N.L. (1963). "A revision of the Nearctic species of the albofasciatus group of the genus Anthrax Scopoli (Diptera: Bombyliidae)" (PDF). Technical Bulletin, Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station. 127: 1–79. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
14. Marston, N.L. (1970). "Revision of the New World species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) other than Anthrax albofasciatus group" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 43: 1–148. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
15. Meigen, J.W. (1820). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen: Zweiter Theil. Forstmann. pp. xxxvi + 363. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
16. Loew, H. (1869). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava". Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 13: 1–52. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
17. Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werks. Hamm: Zweiter Theil. Schulz. pp. xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.
18. Osten Sacken, C.R. (1886). "Diptera [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana". Zoologia-Insecta-Diptera. 1: 105–128.