Anna Murray Vail (January 7, 1863 – December 18, 1955) was an American botanist and the first librarian of the New York Botanical Garden. She was a student and collaborator of botanist and geologistNathaniel Lord Britton, with whom she helped to found the New York Botanical Garden.
Vail's father, David Olyphant Vail, was the son of Benjamin C. and Eliza Ann (née Archer) Vail.[2] David O. Vail's connection to the Olyphant family is through his maternal grandmother, Ann Mckenzie (1782 – November 5, 1857). Her first husband was Zeno Archer, whom she married in 1803. Their daughter was Eliza Ann who married Benjamin Vail. Following Zeno's death, Ann McKenzie Archer married David W.C. Olyphant.[citation needed]
David O. Vail is listed as a "merchant" on an 1862 ship manifest[3] and in a Van Rensselaer family history is described as "...resident partner of the house of Olyphant & Company at Shanghai, China."[4] His death notice describes him as being "...lately of China...", but it is not clear where or of what he died in 1865 at age 32.[5] His middle name, Olyphant, and the fact that he worked for Olyphant & Company reflect his connection to that family on his mother's side. Olyphant and Company, founded in 1827 by David WC Olyphant and Charles N. Talbot, was one of the pioneers of the Old China Trade.[6]
Professional activities
Vail's early education was in Europe, but by 1895 she had returned to the United States, where she worked at Columbia University with Nathaniel Lord Britton, who co-founded the New York Botanical Garden with his wife Elizabeth Gertrude Britton. In January 1900, Vail became the first librarian of the New York Botanical Garden library, a post she held until September 1907.[7] While in New York, she authored over a dozen scientific papers. Her notes, preserved in the Archives and Manuscripts collection of the New York Botanical Garden, include sketches of some of the plants she studied.
Pen & ink sketch of Cynanchum sp by Anna Murray Vail. This was created by Ms. Vail in 1899 when she was librarian at the New York Botanical Garden.
Vail wrote on numerous botanical topics; for example, her 1898 co-authored work (with Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, among others), details "New or Rare Mosses," such as Anacamptodon Splachnoides.[10]
An account in the records of the New York Botanical Garden presents Vail's resignation from the Garden's Library as resulting from her indignation of being accused of smoking cigarettes in the library. However, this account is disputed by a letter in the files of Nathaniel Lord Britton dated September 28, 1907, which mentions her departure as being due to an extended separation from her mother, who was living in France.[11]
In 1911, Vail moved to France. During World War I, she became active in the American Fund for French Wounded, eventually becoming its treasurer.[12] A letter to the head of organization, Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer, was published in The New York Times.[13] An excerpt from the letter reads:
Every department of the Red Cross has borrowed nurses and aids, and we of the American Fund have given everything we had for the emergency. If it gets worse, I shall offer my own services, for I can make beds and clean up, and no part of the work will terrify me, even if I am not a trained nurse.
Later life and death
While living in France, Vail acquired a house in Héricy, where she lived for the rest of her life continuing her work as a librarian until blindness forced her to retire.[14] She died in Vieux Logis on December 18, 1955, and is buried in the municipal cemetery at Héricy.[15]
MacDougal, Daniel T, Vail, Anna M., Shull, George H. and Small, John K. Mutants and hybrids of the oenotheras. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 24. Papers of Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. No. 2., 1905.
MacDougal, Daniel T, Vail, Anna M and Shull, George H. Mutations, variations and relationships of the oenotheras. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 81. Papers of the Station for Experimental Evolution, No. 9. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 1907.
Britton, NL and Vail, Anna Murray. An enumeration of the plants collected by M.E. Penard in Colorado during the summer of 1892. Contributions from the Herbarium of Columbia College; no. 75, New York: Columbia College, 1895.
Vail, Anna Murray. The June flora of a Long Island swamp. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 22, p. 374–378.
Vail, Anna Murray. Studies in the Leguminosae. I, II, III. Reprinted from Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 23: 139–141, 30 Ap. 1896; 24: 14–18, January 28, 1897; 26: 106–117, March 18, 1899. New York: [Columbia University], 1899.
Vail, Anna Murray. Contributions to the botany of Virginia. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club v. 2, no. 2, 1890.
Vail, Anna Murray. Report on a Trip to France and Holland by Miss A.M. Vail, Librarian. Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, v. 4, No. 45, September 1903
^ abW. W. Spooner, "The Van Rensselaer Family", American Historical Magazine, vol 2 # 1, 1907.
^"Rhode Island, Marriages, 1724–1916," index, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/F8VL-K6N : accessed March 4, 2013), David Olyphant Vail and Cornelia Georgina (King) Van Rensselaer, March 27, 1862.
^Callery, Bernadette G. (January 1, 1995). "Collecting Collections: Building the Library of the New York Botanical Garden". Brittonia. 47 (1): 44–56. doi:10.2307/2807247. JSTOR2807247. S2CID8348482.
^Britton, Elizabeth G.; Vail, Anna Murray; Burnett, D. A.; Classon, E.; Kennedy, George G.; Best, George N. (April 1898). "New or Rare Mosses". The Bryologist. 1 (2): 41. doi:10.2307/3238611. JSTOR3238611.
