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Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale
The Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale is a mid-engine sports car built by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was the fastest commercially available car for the standing kilometer upon its introduction.[2][3][4] 18 examples were produced between 1967 and 1969. "Stradale" (Italian for "road-going") is a term often used by Italian car manufacturers to indicate a street-legal version of a racing car; indeed the 33 Stradale was derived from the Tipo 33 sports prototype. Built in an attempt by Alfa Romeo to make some of its racing technology available to the public, it was also the most expensive automobile for sale to the public in 1968 at US$17,000 (equivalent to $148,900 in 2023).[5] HistoryThe 33 Stradale was based on the Autodelta Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 racing car. The car, designed by Franco Scaglione,[6] and built by Carrozzeria Marazzi, made its debut at the Paris Salon de L'Auto on 5 October 1967.[7] The first prototype (chassis no. 10533.01) was built at Autodelta's workshop in Settimo Milanese, side by side with the Tipo 33 "Periscopica" race car in 1967. The body was built by Franco Scaglione and his team from Carrozzeria Marazzi, while Autodelta worked on the technical aspects of the car. Work to manufacture another magnesium bodied prototype (chassis no. 10533.12) (intended for street racing) was started by Scaglione. However, Marazzi did not finish this until 1968. The two prototypes are the only ones to have the dual headlight arrangement. This was redesigned by Scaglione on the production cars due to regulations on minimum headlight distance from the ground. The two prototypes carry the project's original serial numbers, 105.33.xx. However, the Tipo 33 racing- and production cars got 750.33.0xx (racing) and 750.33.1xx (stradale) chassis numbers. Marazzi claims to have built 18 chassis. 5 of them were used for 6 concept cars (one chassis was used twice) by Pininfarina, Bertone and Giugiaro/Italdesign and 8 were used for production cars. The rest of the chassis numbers are not confirmed due to a lack of available information as the exact number (allegedly 18) of actual Stradale-chassis (with a 10 cm longer wheelbase than the race cars) doesn't quite match the range of chassis numbers.[citation needed] The production version of the 33 Stradale was introduced at the Sport Car Show in Monza, Italy in September 1967.[8] The prototype (chassis No. 105.33.01) was sold to the Gallery Abarth in Japan.[3] The second magnesium bodied Stradale prototype (chassis No. 105.33.12) and the five concept cars are now part of the Alfa Romeo Museum. SpecificationsBody and chassisThe 33 Stradale is one of the first production vehicles to feature forward- and upward-opening butterfly doors, hinged both at the base and on top of the windshield-frame,[9] allowing the 33 Stradale to also feature side windows which seamlessly curve upward into the roof/canopy of its body. Most cars feature an aluminium body on an aluminium tubular chassis. As a result of being built by hand, each model differs from the others in some details. For example, the position of the windscreen wiper, and some of the later cars having vents added behind both the front and rear wheels to allow hot air from the brakes to escape is a differentiating factor.[10] The car has 13 inches (33 cm) Campagnolo magnesium-alloy wheels – the front and the rear wheels are 8 and 9 inches (20 and 23 cm) wide respectively; the brakes used are disc brakes manufactured by Girling,[8] the rear ones are inboard. The suspension system of the car is directly derived from the Tipo 33 race car, with upper and lower control arms in the front and double trailing arms in the rear, along with substantial anti-roll bars.[11]
Engine and transmissionThe race-bred engine bore no resemblance to the mass-produced units in Alfa Romeo's more mainstream vehicles. The engine is closely related to the V8 of the Montreal, albeit with a smaller displacement and a higher power output. The engines, despite being derived from the Tipo 33 racer cars, differed in many details. For example, the 33 Stradale's engines had chain driven camshafts as opposed to the racers' gear driven ones, but the Stradale kept the racing engine's flat plane crankshaft, whereas the Montreal engine had a crossplane crank. Race engineer Carlo Chiti had designed an oversquare bore x stroke of 78 mm × 52.2 mm (3.07 in × 2.06 in) while the all-aluminum 1,995 cc (2.0 L) V8 engine was dry-sump lubricated featuring SPICA fuel injection[12] with four ignition coils and twin spark plugs per cylinder. The engine used four chain-driven camshafts to operate the 2 valves per cylinder valvetrain featuring dual overhead camshafts and had a rev-limit of 10,000 rpm with a compression ratio of 10.5:1 [13] The engine has a maximum power output of 230 PS (227 hp; 169 kW) at 8,800 rpm and 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) at 7,000 rpm of torque in road trim and 270 PS (266 hp; 199 kW) in race trim.[3] Due to the hand-built nature of the drivetrain, the power output levels can vary by each car produced, for example the first production Stradale (No. 750.33.101) has a factory datasheet that states a power output of 243 PS (240 hp; 179 kW) at 9,400 rpm with a "street" exhaust and 254 PS (251 hp; 187 kW) with open exhaust.[14] The transmission is a 6-speed unit similar to the Tipo 33 race car, designed by Colotti Trasmissioni.[15] Although the Stradale is a road legal car, it has some limitations which may make the everyday use slightly hard, for example missing locks and limited ground clearance.[8] PerformanceThe car takes less than six seconds to attain 100 km/h (62 mph) from a standing start and has a claimed top speed of 260 km/h (160 mph). In 1968, the German Auto, Motor und Sport magazine measured a top speed of 252 km/h (156.6 mph) and 24.0 seconds for the standing kilometer which made it the fastest commercially available car for this distance at the time. It achieved this using an engine less than half the displacement of those in high-performance contemporary sports cars such as the Lamborghini Miura, Ferrari Daytona, and Maserati Ghibli.[3][4] Gallery Prototype with twin headlights. (Alfa Romeo Museum replica)  Production version with single headlights.  Prototype's side profile. (Alfa Romeo museum replica).  Later production version with side vents both the front and rear wheels.  Rear three-quarter view of the prototype showcased in the Alfa Romeo Museum. .jpg) Rear three-quarter view of a 33 Stradale.  Interior. Concept carsSix concept cars were built on 33 Stradale chassis with bodies designed by various Italian coachbuilders.[16]
Bertone Alfa Romeo CaraboThe Carabo is a wedge-shaped coupé with scissor doors and was unveiled in 1968 at the Paris Motor Show. It was designed by Marcello Gandini working under Bertone, who had already built his reputation by designing the Lamborghini Miura.[26]  Alfa Romeo NavajoThe Alfa Romeo Navajo concept car was unveiled at the 1976 Geneva Motor Show held in March of that year. It was given a full fibreglass coupé body with a design reminiscent of the angular and bold styling of the 1970s.[27] The car is equipped with 2-litre fuel injected (SPICA) V8 engine producing a power output of around 233 PS (171 kW; 230 hp) at 8,800 rpm.[24] PininfarinaBetween 1968 and 1971, Italian design house Pininfarina designed a total of three vehicles on 33 Stradale chassis: Alfa Romeo P33 RoadsterThe Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster was presented to the public at the Turin Motor Show in November 1968. It was an open-top vehicle with a lower windscreen and a roll bar at rear painted in the colour of the body of the car.[28] The chassis was re-bodied two years later to produce the Cuneo.[29]  Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé SpecialeThe Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé Speciale, also known as Alfa Romeo 33.2, was first presented to the public at the Paris Motor Show in 1969. This 2-door coupé was designed by Leonardo Fioravanti, then working at Pininfarina. It bears a striking yellow paint scheme and eatured hydraulically operated butterfly doors and pop-up headlights.[30] The design was influenced by the Ferrari 250 P5 concept shown a year earlier at Geneva.[31]  Alfa Romeo P33 CuneoThe Alfa Romeo Cuneo originally called 33 Spider at Pininfarina where it was by designed by Paolo Martin. is It is an open-top, wedge-shaped concept and was presented at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1971.[29] Italdesign Alfa Romeo Iguana
In Popular CultureA 33 Stradale can be seen in the 1969 Italian movie Un bellissimo novembre.[32][33] See alsoNotes
References
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale.
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