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Airport diagram Airport diagrams[1], airport charts[2], or aerodrome charts[3] are airport maps that are designed to assist ground traffic to move around complex runway and taxiway configurations.[4] RegulationInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 4 "Aeronautical Charts" Chapter 13 "Aerodrome/Heliport Chart" specifies that the chart "shall provide flight crews with information which information which will facilitate the ground movement of aircraft" between the aircraft stand and the runway. For helicopter movement, the chart shall provide information between the helicopter stand, the touchdown and lift-off area, and the final approach and take-off area; the chart should also supplement information along helicopter ground and air taxiways and air transit routes. In addition, essential operational information should also be provided.[3] ContentAccording to ICAO, airport diagrams shall show coordinates, field elevations, runways, aprons, taxiways, hot spots, taxiway routes, air transit routes, lighting, air traffic control (ATC) service boundary, communication channels, obstacles, slope angles, buildings and service areas, VOR checkpoints, and movement area permanently unsuitable for aircraft.[3] In addition, an airport diagram may display information on its margin area about chart's relevance and accuracy, including airport identifier, chart type, version number, version date, etc.[5] Hot spotA hot spot is a location on an airport movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where heightened attention by pilots and drivers is necessary. It is believed that this extra awareness can improve planning and navigation. Hot spots are shown on both airport diagrams and chart supplements.[6] An area is likely to become a hot spot if it has:[7]
UsageAirport diagrams is mostly used to assist taxiing around the airport and are henceforth sometimes referred to as a "taxi diagrams".[8] If pilots study the diagram prior to their arrival or departure, they can expect what runway to use and routes to take while navigating around a complex airport. When communicating with ATC, pilots will already be familiar with their routes and hence have better situation awareness. For pilots who were unable to establish radio communication with ATC, the diagram shows where the control tower is and hence where light signals may come from.[5] PublicationsIn the United States, airport diagrams are published as part of Terminal Procedures Publication and are updated every 56 days unless there is a critical safety issue.[1] Commercial providers such as Jeppesen also published their own version of airport diagrams and can include additional airport details.[8] References
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Airport diagrams.
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