Chatterjee made her acting debut when she was in her fifth standard. She was a trainee of Indian Life Saving Society, formerly known as Anderson Club. There she appeared in a water ballet directed by Meenakshi Goswami, and it was broadcast on Doordarshan. Goswami then offered her a small role in her directorial venture Giribala (1987).[4] She, later became a deft actress when she hit her teenage.[11] Sanjib Dey cast her as Kabita in Bengali drama film Bhalobasar Ashroy (1994). In 1997, She appeared in a host of films landing prominent roles. She starred as Mukta opposite Prosenjit Chatterjee in Swapan Saha's love triangle film Tomake Chai (1997).[12] She accepted the role of Shrutakirti in Lav Kush (1997).[13][14]Rituparno Ghosh cast her as Trina in his National Award winning film Dahan (1997), alongside Rituparna Sengupta portraying Romita and Indrani Haldar portraying Shrabana. It is based on Suchitra Bhattacharya's novel of the same name.[15] The film bespeaks the contemporary social affliction that the women underwent. Trina wants to quit her engagement with her fiancé as he is accused of molesting a woman. Anyway her mother says that such accusations are often made against people who are financially very successful.[16]
She once again collaborated with Swapan Saha and Prosenjit Chatterjee in the romantic drama film Nayaner Alo (1998). It is based on Belal Ahmed's Noyoner Alo (1984) which itself was a major financial success. She portrayed Alo whereas Prosenjit Chatterjee portrayed the role of Jiban. She has been interrogated for numerous times as to why she did not feature opposite Prosenjit Chatterjee any more. Aditi did not unfurl anything in this regard. Instead, she said that she was satisfied with her roles in small screen.[17][18]
In 2000, she was offered to portray Nandini opposite Saswata Chatterjee in Rabi Ojha's megaserial Ek Akasher Niche. The role catapulted her to stardom. Anyway she was later replaced by Debolina Dutta[a] as she abruptly quit her acting career in 2000.[20]
After she separated from her husband, she made her acting comeback with the role of Paroma in Babu Banik's Bengali TV series Raashi, in 2011. The series attained major popularity and ran till 2015.[21] She portrayed Nandini Mitra in Goyenda Ginni. Her role as Reboti Roy in Mithai received wider attention from viewers.[22] She accepted a role in Jit Chakraborty's Kathamrita (2022).[23] She received viewer's adulation for her role in Panchami.[24] Chatterjee was cast in the role of a shapeshiftingnagin in Panchami.[25]