2009 JF1

2009 JF₁

Discovery[1]
Discovered by	Mount Lemmon Survey
Discovery date	4 May 2009
Designations
MPC designation	2009 JF1
Minor planet category	NEO Apollo risk listed[2]
Orbital characteristics[3]
Epoch 2022-Jan-21 (JD 2459600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 7
Observation arc	1.2 days[2]
Aphelion	3.29 AU (Q)
Perihelion	0.4953 AU (q)
Semi-major axis	1.89 AU (a)
Eccentricity	0.738 (e)
Orbital period (sidereal)	2.6 years
Mean anomaly	300°±3° (M)
Inclination	6.16° (i)
Longitude of ascending node	45.5° (Ω)
Time of perihelion	2022-Jul-02 ± 3 days
Argument of perihelion	281° (ω)
Earth MOID	0.000055 AU (8,200 km)
Jupiter MOID	2.1 AU (310,000,000 km)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	~10 m (33 ft)[2] 8–17 meters
Absolute magnitude (H)	27.7[3][4]

2009 JF₁ is a small near-Earth object that should have passed within 0.3 AU (45 million km) of Earth in 2022.[5] On 5 February 2022 the 2009 observations were remeasured greatly reducing the odds of an impact. On 5 January 2024 it had a 1-in-140,000 chance of impacting Earth.[2] It is estimated to be 10-meters in diameter which would make it smaller than the Chelyabinsk meteor. It has a very short observation arc of 1.2 days and has not been observed since 2009. On 5 January 2024 it was nominally expected to be 0.2 AU (30 million km) from Earth but has an uncertainty region of ±23 million km (0.15 AU).[5] The nominal Earth approach was 14 January 2024 and would have had the asteroid only brightening to apparent magnitude 26 which would have made it too faint for automated surveys to detect.[6][7] With a Palermo scale rating of -4.41,[2] the odds of impact were 26000 times less than the background hazard level for an asteroid of this size.

Virtual impactor[2]

Date	Impact probability (1 in)	JPL Horizons nominal geocentric distance (AU)	NEODyS nominal geocentric distance (AU)	MPC[8] nominal geocentric distance (AU)	Find_Orb nominal geocentric distance (AU)	uncertainty region (3-sigma)
2022-05-06	140000	0.19 AU (28 million km)[5]	0.16 AU (24 million km)[7]	0.19 AU (28 million km)	0.19 AU (28 million km)[9]	± 23 million km[5]

About two months after approaching Earth, it came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun), but the time of perihelion passage is only known with an accuracy of ±3 days.[3] The asteroid was not recovered due to its small size and distance from Earth.

See also

• 2006 QV89
• 2018 VP1

References

1. "MPEC 2009-J26 : 2009 JF1". IAU Minor Planet Center. 5 May 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2021. (K09J01F)
2. "Earth Impact Risk Summary: 2009 JF1". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2021. (Wayback Machine 2009)
3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2009 JF1)" (last observation: 2009-05-05; arc: 1 day). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
4. "2009 JF1 Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
5. "Horizons Batch for 2022-05-06 Virtual Impactor". JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021. RNG_3sigma = uncertainty range in km. (JPL#7/Soln.date: 2021-Apr-15 generates RNG_3sigma = 62906567 km for 2022-May-06.)
6. "Horizons Batch for 2022-05-10 NOMINAL". JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
7. "2009JF1 Ephemerides for 6 May 2022". NEODyS (Near Earth Objects – Dynamic Site). Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
8. "MPC Ephemeris Service". IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
9. "Find_Orb for 2022-05-06". Project Pluto. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

External links

• 2009 JF1 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
• 2009 JF1 at ESA–space situational awareness
  • Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
• 2009 JF1 at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters