1088 Tmogvi earthquake

1088 Tmogvi earthquake
1088 Tmogvi earthquake is located in Georgia
Tbilisi
Tbilisi
1088 Tmogvi earthquake
Local dateApril 16, 1088 (1088-04-16)
Magnitude6.5 Ms
Depth15 km (9.3 mi)
Epicenter41°24′N 43°12′E / 41.4°N 43.2°E / 41.4; 43.2[1]
Areas affectedGeorgia
Total damageSevere[1]
CasualtiesMany[1]

The 1088 Tmogvi earthquake (Georgian: თმოგვის მიწისძვრა) occurred on April 16[2] or April 22,[3][Note 1] 1088, on Easter Sunday, in the southern provinces of the Kingdom of Georgia. It takes its name from the castle of Tmogvi, in Javakheti, whose destruction is specifically noted in the medieval annals of Georgia.[2][4] Its magnitude is estimated as 6.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale.[3]

History

The Tmogvi earthquake was one of the largest recorded earthquakes in the history of Georgia, and was associated with the active faults of the Javakheti Plateau in the Lesser Caucasus.[3][5]

According to the anonymous 12th-century Life of King of Kings David, the earthquake shook Georgia on the "last day of Holy Week, on the very resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ". The chronicle reports widespread destruction and many casualties and adds that "fearsome trembling of the earth lasted for a year". The author specifically notes the collapse of the castle of Tmogvi, trapping its lord Kakhaber, son of Niania, and his wife underneath.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Modern catalogues (Balassanian et al 2000) indicate the date of the earthquake as April 22. Orthodox Easter of 1088 falls on April 16 on the Julian calendar (Vivian 1991).

References

  1. ^ a b c National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), Significant Earthquake Database (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  2. ^ a b Vivian, Katharine (1991), The Georgian chronicle: the Period of Giorgi Lasha, p. 323. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.
  3. ^ a b c Sergiei Balassanian, Armando Cisternas, Mikael Melkumyan (2000), Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Reduction, p. 129. Springer, ISBN 0-7923-6390-6.
  4. ^ a b Thomson, Robert W. (1996), Rewriting Caucasian History: The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles, p. 314. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-826373-2
  5. ^ Recorded Earthquake Events, p. 39. Atlas of Natural Hazards & Risks of Georgia, ISBN 978-9941-0-4310-9.