Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly

Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly
ٴابدىعاپار جانبوسىنۇلى
Khan of the Qypşaq Kazakhs[a]
In office 21 November 1916 – February 1917
Sardarbeg	Amankeldı İmanov
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Personal details
Born	1870 Turgay Oblast, Russian Empire (now Kazakhstan)
Died	21 November 1919 (aged 48–49)
Military service
Years of service	1916–1917
Rank	Khan, Emir
Battles/wars	Central Asian revolt of 1916 Russian Civil War

Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly (Kazakh: ٴابدىعاپار جانبوسىنۇلى Cyrillic: Әбдіғапар Жанбосынұлы; 1870 – 21 November 1919) was a Kazakh revolutionary and military commander who was elected as Khan of the Qypşaq [ru] clan during the Central Asian revolt of 1916.

Early life

Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly was born in 1870 in Turgay Oblast, in the Russian Empire. He was part of the Qypşaq [ru] clan. He claimed descent from Niyaz Tıleuıūly [kk], a Kazakh bey, and received an Islamic education.[1] Prior to the Central Asian revolt of 1916, he was involved in farming and irrigation, and had been responsible for opening a school in his village.[2]

Central Asian revolt of 1916

With the beginning of the revolt, Janbosynūly was elected as Khan of the Qypşaq. In this position, he controlled the eastern half of the revolt, with Ospan Şolaqūly controlling the western half, under the Argyn clan.[1] In spite of his theoretical political role, he delegated most power to his elected council of twenty representatives, focusing on military matters.[2]

Janbosynūly's troops laid siege to the village of Torğai [ru] on 22 October 1916, but abandoned the siege to fight with Russian troops. Afterwards, rebel troops launched a strategic retreat to Batbakkara Raion (now Amangeldi District) and engaged in guerrilla warfare against Russian troops.[3] During this time, Şolaqūly's troops were defeated by Russian forces.[4] Janbosynūly continued fighting until the February Revolution, when his troops stood down.[3]

Later life and death

After the end of the Central Asian revolt, Janbosynūly remained politically active, partaking in the establishment of a soviet in Orenburg during the Russian Civil War. However, his relationship with the Bolsheviks soon soured, and in November 1919, he was executed,[2] possibly due to his descent from Kazakh nobility.[1]

References

1. Bekmagambetova, M. Zh. "О лидерах национально-освободительного движения 1916 г. в Казахстане" [On the leaders of the 1916 national liberation movement in Kazakhstan]. Rusnauka.com (in Russian). Retrieved 14 June 2023.
2. "Мавзолей Абдигаппар хана" [Äbdiğapar Khan Mausoleum]. Rudny Central Library System (in Russian). 17 July 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
3. "Национально-освободительное восстание 1916 года" [1916 national liberation movement]. Tarih (in Russian). Retrieved 14 June 2023.
4. "№ 7. ДОНЕСЕНИЕ КОМАНДУЮЩЕГО ВОЙСКАМИ КАЗАНСКОГО ВОЕННОГО ОКРУГА НАЧАЛЬНИКУ ГЕНЕРАЛЬНОГО ШТАБА О ДЕЙСТВИЯХ КАРАТЕЛЬНОГО ЭКСПЕДИЦИОННОГО ОТРЯДА В ТУРГАЙСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ" [No. 7: Report of the Kazan Military District troop commander to the Chief of General Staff on punitive expeditionary detachment actions in Turgay Oblast]. Bibliotekar.kz (in Russian). 23 February 1917. Retrieved 14 June 2023.

Notes

1. Subsequently renounced the title of khan and accepted the title of emir