The Red-whiskered Bulbul was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in his Systema Naturae. He placed it along with the shrikes under Lanius.
The populations found across their range show a range of plumage variations and some of these are recognized as subspecies:[2][3]
jocosus, the nominate form is found in Hong Kong[4]
fuscicaudatus of peninsular India has nearly complete breast band and no white tip to tail
abuensis of northwestern India (type locality Mount Abu[5]) is pale and has a broken breast band and no white tip to tail
pyrrhotis of the terai is pale above with white tail tips and widely separated breast band
emeria of Eastern peninsula and Ganges Delta is warm brown above with a slim bill and a long crest (also introduced into Florida[6])
whistleri is found in the Andaman Islands and has a warm brown above, a heavier bill and a shorter crest than emeria
monticola is found in northeastern India and has darker upperparts than pyrrhotis
pattani is found in Thailand
peguensis not always recognized was described from southern Burma[7]
বিৱৰণ
The Red-whiskered Bulbul is about ২০ centimetre (7.9 in) in length. It has brown upper-parts and whitish underparts with buff flanks and a dark spur running onto the breast at shoulder level. It has a tall pointed black crest, red face patch and thin black moustachial line. The tail is long and brown with white terminal feather tips, but the vent area is red.
The loud and evocative call is a sharp kink-a-joo (also transcribed as pettigrew or kick-pettigrew or pleased to meet you[2]) and the song is a scolding chatter. It is more often heard than seen, but will often perch conspicuously especially in the mornings when they call from the tops of trees. The life span is about 11 years.[8]
This is a bird of lightly wooded areas, more open country with bushes and shrubs, and farmland. Irruptions have been noted from early times with Thomas C. Jerdon noting that they "periodically visiting Madras and other wooded towns in large flocks."[15]
আচৰণ
Nest
খাদ্য
The Red-whiskered Bulbul feeds on fruits (including those of Thevetia peruviana that are toxic to mammals), nectar and insects.[16]
প্ৰজনন
The breeding season is spread out and peaks from December to May in southern India and March to October in northern India.[3] Breeding may occur once or twice a year.[17] The courtship display of the male involves head bowing, spreading the tail and drooping wings.[17] The nest is cup-shaped, and is built on bushes, thatched walls or small trees. It is woven of fine twigs, roots, and grasses, and embellished with large objects such as bark strips, paper, or plastic bags.[14]Clutches typically contain two to three eggs.[17]
They defend territories of about ৩,০০০ square metre (32,000 sq ft) during the breeding season.[18] They roost communally in loose groups of hundred or more birds.[19][20]
মানুহৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক
This species was once a popular cagebird in parts of India. C. W. Smith noted[21] that
These birds are in great request among the natives, being of a fearless disposition, and easily reclaimed. They are taught to sit on the hand, and numbers may thus be seen in any Indian bazaar.
The species continues to be a popular cagebird in parts of Southeast Asia.[12]
↑ 12.012.1Philippe, Clergeau; Mandon-Dalger, Isabella (2001). "Fast Colonization of an Introduced Bird: the Case of Pycnonotus jocosus on the Mascarene Islands". Biotropica খণ্ড 33 (3): 542–546. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00210.x.
↑ 14.014.1Rising, James D. (2001). "Bulbuls". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B., Jr.; Sibley, David Allen. The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior. প্ৰকাশক New York: Alfred A. Knopf. পৃষ্ঠা. 448–449. ISBN978-1-4000-4386-6.
↑Raj, PJ Sanjeeva (1963). "Additions to the list of birds eating the fruit of Yellow Oleander (Thevetia neriifolia )". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. খণ্ড 60 (2): 457–458.
↑Neelakantan, K. K. (1976). "Communal roosting in the Redwhiskered Bulbul". Newsletter for Birdwatchers খণ্ড 16 (2): 4–5.
↑Smith, C. W.. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal খণ্ড X.: 640.
লগতে চাওক
Deignan, H. G. (1948) The races of the Red-whiskered Bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus). J. Washington Acad. Sci. 38(8), 279–281.
Fraser, F. C. (1930) Note on the nesting habits of the Southern Red-whiskered Bulbul (Otocompsa emeria fuscicaudata). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(1), 250–252.
Michael, Bindhu; Amrithraj, M.; Pillai, K. Madhavan (1997). "A note on Isospora infection in a Southern Redwhiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus fuscicaudatus)". Zoos' Print খণ্ড 12 (12): 5.
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