O radio covalent ye, en quimica, a metat d'a distancia entre dos atomos iguals que forman un enlace covalent. Por un regular s'esprisa en picometros (pm) o ångströms (Å), a on 1 Å = 100 pm.
A suma de dos radios covalents habría d'estar a largaria d'o enlace covalent entre os dos atomos. Manimenos, ista relación no se cumple de forma exacta ya que a grandaria d'un atomo no ye constant. Iste pende d'o entorno quimico a on se trobe. Por un regular a largaria d'o enlace covalent tiende a estar menor que lo que a suma de radios covalents. En consecuencia, as valuras tabulatas de radios covalents que se troban en a bibliografía son valuras ideyalizatas u promediatas.
Tabla de radios covalentes
Contino s'amostran os radios d'os enlaces calculatos d'un modo auto-consistent. A suma d'os dos radios mos da a largaria d'enlace, R (AB) = r (A) + r (B).
Z |
Simbolo |
r (Å) |
[1] r1(Å) |
[2]r2(Å) |
[3] r3(Å)[4]
|
1 |
H |
0.31(5) |
0.32 |
|
|
2 |
He |
0.28 |
0.46 |
|
|
3 |
Li |
1.28(7) |
1.33 |
1.24 |
|
4 |
Be |
0.96(3) |
1.02 |
0.90 |
0.85
|
5 |
B |
0.84(3) |
0.85 |
0.78 |
0.73
|
6 |
C (sp3) |
0.76(1) |
0.75 |
|
|
|
C (sp2) |
0.73(2) |
|
0.67 |
|
|
C (sp) |
0.69(1) |
|
|
0.60
|
7 |
N |
0.71(1) |
0.71 |
0.60 |
0.54
|
8 |
O |
0.66(2) |
0.63 |
0.57 |
0.53
|
9 |
F |
0.57(3) |
0.64 |
0.59 |
0.53
|
10 |
Ne |
0.58 |
0.67 |
0.96 |
|
11 |
Na |
1.66(9) |
1.55 |
1.60 |
|
12 |
Mg |
1.41(7) |
1.39 |
1.32 |
1.27
|
13 |
Al |
1.21(4) |
1.26 |
1.13 |
1.11
|
14 |
Si |
1.11(2) |
1.16 |
1.07 |
1.02
|
15 |
P |
1.07(3) |
1.11 |
1.02 |
0.94
|
16 |
S |
1.05(3) |
1.03 |
0.94 |
0.95
|
17 |
Cl |
1.02(4) |
0.99 |
0.95 |
0.93
|
18 |
Ar |
1.06(10) |
0.96 |
1.07 |
0.96
|
19 |
K |
2.03(12) |
1.96 |
1.93 |
|
20 |
Ca |
1.76(10) |
1.71 |
1.47 |
1.33
|
21 |
Sc |
1.70(7) |
1.48 |
1.16 |
1.14
|
22 |
Ti |
1.60(8) |
1.36 |
1.17 |
1.08
|
23 |
V |
1.53(8) |
1.34 |
1.12 |
1.06
|
24 |
Cr |
1.39(5) |
1.22 |
1.11 |
1.03
|
25 |
Mn (low spin) |
1.39(5) |
|
|
|
|
Mn (high spin) |
1.61(8) |
|
|
|
|
Mn |
|
1.19 |
1.05 |
1.03
|
26 |
Fe (low spin) |
1.32(3) |
|
|
|
|
Fe (high spin) |
1.52(6) |
|
|
|
|
Fe |
|
1.16 |
1.09 |
1.02
|
27 |
Co (low spin) |
1.26(3) |
|
|
|
|
Co (high spin) |
1.50(7) |
|
|
|
|
Co |
|
1.11 |
1.03 |
0.96
|
28 |
Ni |
1.24(4) |
1.10 |
1.01 |
1.01
|
29 |
Cu |
1.32(4) |
1.12 |
1.15 |
1.20
|
30 |
Zn |
1.22(4) |
1.18 |
1.20 |
|
31 |
Ga |
1.22(3) |
1.24 |
1.17 |
1.21
|
32 |
Ge |
1.20(4) |
1.21 |
1.11 |
1.14
|
33 |
As |
1.19(4) |
1.21 |
1.14 |
1.06
|
34 |
Se |
1.20(4) |
1.16 |
1.07 |
1.07
|
35 |
Br |
1.20(3) |
1.14 |
1.09 |
1.10
|
36 |
Kr |
1.16(4) |
1.17 |
1.21 |
1.08
|
37 |
Rb |
2.20(9) |
2.1 |
2.02 |
|
38 |
Sr |
1.95(10) |
1.85 |
1.57 |
1.39
|
39 |
Y |
1.90(7) |
1.63 |
1.3 |
1.24
|
40 |
Zr |
1.75(7) |
1.54 |
1.27 |
1.21
|
41 |
Nb |
1.64(6) |
1.47 |
1.25 |
1.16
|
42 |
Mo |
1.54(5) |
1.38 |
1.21 |
1.13
|
43 |
Tc |
1.47(7) |
1.28 |
1.2 |
1.1
|
44 |
Ru |
1.46(7) |
1.25 |
1.14 |
1.03
|
45 |
Rh |
1.42(7) |
1.25 |
1.1 |
1.06
|
46 |
Pd |
1.39(6) |
1.2 |
1.17 |
1.12
|
47 |
Ag |
1.45(5) |
1.28 |
1.39 |
1.37
|
48 |
Cd |
1.44(9) |
1.36 |
1.44 |
|
49 |
In |
1.42(5) |
1.42 |
1.36 |
1.46
|
50 |
Sn |
1.39(4) |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.32
|
51 |
Sb |
1.39(5) |
1.4 |
1.33 |
1.27
|
52 |
Te |
1.38(4) |
1.36 |
1.28 |
1.21
|
53 |
I |
1.39(3) |
1.33 |
1.29 |
1.25
|
54 |
Xe |
1.40(9) |
1.31 |
1.35 |
1.22
|
55 |
Cs |
2.44(11) |
2.32 |
2.09 |
|
56 |
Ba |
2.15(11) |
1.96 |
1.61 |
1.49
|
57 |
La |
2.07(8) |
1.8 |
1.39 |
1.39
|
58 |
Ce |
2.04(9) |
1.63 |
1.37 |
1.31
|
59 |
Pr |
2.03(7) |
1.76 |
1.38 |
1.28
|
60 |
Nd |
2.01(6) |
1.74 |
1.37 |
|
61 |
Pm |
1.99 |
1.73 |
1.35 |
|
62 |
Sm |
1.98(8) |
1.72 |
1.34 |
|
63 |
Eu |
1.98(6) |
1.68 |
1.34 |
|
64 |
Gd |
1.96(6) |
1.69 |
1.35 |
1.32
|
65 |
Tb |
1.94(5) |
1.68 |
1.35 |
|
66 |
Dy |
1.92(7) |
1.67 |
1.33 |
|
67 |
Ho |
1.92(7) |
1.66 |
1.33 |
|
68 |
Er |
1.89(6) |
1.65 |
1.33 |
|
69 |
Tm |
1.90(10) |
1.64 |
1.31 |
|
70 |
Yb |
1.87(8) |
1.7 |
1.29 |
|
71 |
Lu |
1.87(8) |
1.62 |
1.31 |
1.31
|
72 |
Hf |
1.75(10) |
1.52 |
1.28 |
1.22
|
73 |
Ta |
1.70(8) |
1.46 |
1.26 |
1.19
|
74 |
W |
1.62(7) |
1.37 |
1.2 |
1.15
|
75 |
Re |
1.51(7) |
1.31 |
1.19 |
1.1
|
76 |
Os |
1.44(4) |
1.29 |
1.16 |
1.09
|
77 |
Ir |
1.41(6) |
1.22 |
1.15 |
1.07
|
78 |
Pt |
1.36(5) |
1.23 |
1.12 |
1.1
|
79 |
Au |
1.36(6) |
1.24 |
1.21 |
1.23
|
80 |
Hg |
1.32(5) |
1.33 |
1.42 |
|
81 |
Tl |
1.45(7) |
1.44 |
1.42 |
1.5
|
82 |
Pb |
1.46(5) |
1.44 |
1.35 |
1.37
|
83 |
Bi |
1.48(4) |
1.51 |
1.41 |
1.35
|
84 |
Po |
1.40(4) |
1.45 |
1.35 |
1.29
|
85 |
At |
1.50 |
1.47 |
1.38 |
1.38
|
86 |
Rn |
1.50 |
1.42 |
1.45 |
1.33
|
87 |
Fr |
2.60 |
2.23 |
2.18 |
|
88 |
Ra |
2.21(2) |
2.01 |
1.73 |
1.59
|
89 |
Ac |
2.15 |
1.86 |
1.53 |
1.4
|
90 |
Th |
2.06(6) |
1.75 |
1.43 |
1.36
|
91 |
Pa |
2.00 |
1.69 |
1.38 |
1.29
|
92 |
U |
1.96(7) |
1.7 |
1.34 |
1.18
|
93 |
Np |
1.90(1) |
1.71 |
1.36 |
1.16
|
94 |
Pu |
1.87(1) |
1.72 |
1.35 |
|
95 |
Am |
1.80(6) |
1.66 |
1.35 |
|
96 |
Cm |
1.69(3) |
1.66 |
1.36 |
|
97 |
Bk |
|
1.66 |
1.39 |
|
98 |
Cf |
|
1.68 |
1.4 |
|
99 |
Es |
|
1.65 |
1.4 |
|
100 |
Fm |
|
1.67 |
|
|
101 |
Md |
|
1.73 |
1.39 |
|
102 |
No |
|
1.76 |
1.59 |
|
103 |
Lr |
|
1.61 |
1.41 |
|
104 |
Rf |
|
1.57 |
1.4 |
1.31
|
105 |
Db |
|
1.49 |
1.36 |
1.26
|
106 |
Sg |
|
1.43 |
1.28 |
1.21
|
107 |
Bh |
|
1.41 |
1.28 |
1.19
|
108 |
Hs |
|
1.34 |
1.25 |
1.18
|
109 |
Mt |
|
1.29 |
1.25 |
1.13
|
110 |
Ds |
|
1.28 |
1.16 |
1.12
|
111 |
Rg |
|
1.21 |
1.16 |
1.18
|
112 |
Cn |
|
1.22 |
1.37 |
1.3
|
113 |
Uut |
|
1.36 |
|
|
114 |
Uuq |
|
1.43 |
|
|
115 |
Uup |
|
1.62 |
|
|
116 |
Uuh |
|
1.75 |
|
|
117 |
Uus |
|
1.65 |
|
|
118 |
Uuo |
|
1.57 |
|
|
Se veiga tamién
Referencias
- ↑ Beatriz Cordero, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán and Santiago Alvarez. Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans., 2008, 2832-2838, DOI 10.1039/b801115j.
- ↑ P. Pyykkö, M. Atsumi,Chem. Eur. J., 15, 2009,186-197 DOI 10.1002/chem.200800987
- ↑ P. Pyykkö, M. Atsumi,Chem. Eur. J., 15, 2009,12770–12779 DOI 10.1002/chem.200901472.
- ↑ P. Pyykkö, S. Riedel, M. Patzschke,Chem. Eur. J., 11, 2005,3511–3520 Plantilla:Doi.